Richard Stockton later declared Adams the Atlas of the hour, the man to whom the country is most indebted for the great measure of independency. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. Rev. He read it, and the simple ceremony was over. There was no debate or discussion. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, as the eldest child of the Reverend James Alexander Witherspoon and Anne Walker, a descendant of John Welsh of Ayr and John Knox. The Witherspoon Institute is an independent research center that works to enhance public understanding of the moral foundations of free and democratic societies. Soon, Witherspoon came to support the American Revolution, joining the New Jersey Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. Morrison observed that Witherspoon responded to a provision in the Georgia State Constitution that prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature with a satirical essay in 1789 that suggested that the state might prefer individuals who had been defrocked for a disposition for cursing and swearing, drunkenness or uncleanness (quoted in Morrison 2004: 123). It was a storm which had been building for more than a decade as the British Parliament and King George III imposed one oppressive measure after another on the colonies, increasing their taxes and decreasing their freedoms. David, the youngest son, graduated the same year as his brother John, married the widow of Abner Nash, and practiced law in New Bern, North Carolina. Press, 1912), pp. Thus, public morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than to revealed Christianity. He was captured there November 30, 1776, by loyalists in the dead of night, drug from his bed and marched in freezing weather clad only in a nightshirt and breeches. A young English woman Esther DeBerdt, engaged to Stocktons former law student Joseph Reed remarked, I like Mr. Stockton exceedingly. Stockton was given a parole by General Howe in mid January, requiring him to no longer participate in the war effort as was common on both sides. At the College of New Jersey, Witherspoon revised the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy, and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. The wife of William Floyd escaped with her children by boat across Long Island Sound into Connecticut and died in 1781 without ever again seeing her home. American actress, producer, and entrepreneur, Born on March 22, 1976 "Let my trade perish. His son Richard "The Builder" bought 5,500 acres of land from William Penn in Princeton, New Jersey and settled there with his wife Susannah (nee Witham) Robinson. He made a profound impression on his student James Madison, whose suggestions for the United States Constitution followed both Witherspoon's and Hume's ideas. His philosophy was relatively pragmatic and blended well with the classical liberal strains of political thought advocated in his day. His library, one of the finest in the colonies, was burned. He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. During the siege of Yorktown in 1781, the British forces were under heavy attack from some 16,000 American troops, 3,000 Virginia militia, and the French fleet. ", Although the Stamp Act was subsequently repealed, it had been followed by the Townshend Acts and the Writs of Assistance in 1767, the Boston Massacre in 1770, increasing interference in colonial governments, the Boston Port Bill in 1774, and other "injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states.". [4]. 1777."[10]. [5][6] This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. From the pocket of his close-fitting coat Washington drew his carefully written reply. 03.12('53) DVD Witherspoon became prominent within the church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. Tonight there was to be no rest for this weary patriot. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. They were sent with instructions to vote for Independence. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley,[14] Witherspoon finally accepted their renewed invitation (having turned one down in 1766) to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. Boudinot again served in Congress from 1789-1795. They took Reese to acting classes and soon the girl appeared in her first commercials. This was an exceedingly important event in the history of higher education in America. Christian Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 14 August 1750), Barbra Witherspoons (bap Beith, Ayrshire 20 February 1756), John Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 29 July 1757), George Witherspoon (31 Mar 1762-27 July 1762), WikiTree profile Witherspoon-160 created through the import of Maltby master 08282011.GED on Aug 30, 2011 by. He resigned his royal appointments and New Jersey elected him to the Continental Congress in June 1776. Documents of the American Revolution. Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. Two years later, the 68-year old minister married 24 year old Ann Dill, with whom he would have two daughters. Jan l8, 21, 22, 29, Feb 7, 1777, Tatum, ed., Jour. If something of the kind was not done, he warned Lord Dartmouth, the result would be an obstinate, awful, and tremendous war. He was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St Andrews, Fife. "Give me the cannon," Nelson shouted. There were no defectors. After several days of heated debate, final action on Lee's resolution was deferred until July 1st, and men on both sides of the issue used the intervening weeks to lobby for their own positions. The fifth son of Richard, eight year old John Stockton, inherited much of his fathers land after Richard died in 1709. Handkerchief in hand they lashed at the hungry pests to no avail.". Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. Let us shortly consider (1.) In the months before and after the Declaration of Independence, several states were working on their own constitutions, including New York. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword, the surprised and wounded robber fled. He likely also would have been selected to the Constitutional Convention had he not been meeting simultaneously in Philadelphia to draw up a constitution for his own denomination, which paralleled the national document in a number of key respects. In Princeton today, a University dormitory built in 1877, the street running north from the University's main gate, and the local public middle school all bear his name. John Witherspoon was a prominent member of the Continental Congress for eight years and signed the Declaration of Independence and other important documents. As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. Another statue stands near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, N Street and 18th Street. Frances, the youngest daughter, married Dr. David Ramsay, a delegate from South Carolina to the Continental Congress, on March 18, 1763. ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. Persuaded by Stockton and Benjamin Rush (a medical student in Edinburgh) Witherspoon accepted and became the president of the College, and ten years later signed the Declaration of Independence alongside Stockton and Dr. Benjamin Rush (then Stocktons son-in-law). Born in Scotland to a family of clergymen, he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. Born: February 15, 1723. Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 - July 23, 1793) was an American statesman, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States.He is the only person to sign four of the great state papers of the United States related to the founding: the Continental Association, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. After hearing the irresistible and conclusive arguments of the honorable John Adams for independence, Richard fully concurred in the final vote in favor of that bold and decisive measure. One of Reese ancestors, John Witherspoon, was one of those who signed the Declaration of Independence. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon The College of New Jersey needed a first rate scholar to serve as its first president. Coordinates: 40.35238 N, 74.66019 W. As the "Loudest Voice" for Independence, he is . Agnes Douglas , Alexander Livingston, Alinor de PROVENCE , Henri III d'ANGLETERRE, Marguerite Von Wittelsbach , Jean De Bourgogne. He argued that the colonies should be represented in the Parliament. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular; you are very much otherwise. A monumental decision had been made, and now it would have to be implemented. 5/177. He also served twice in the state legislature. Son of James Alexander Witherspoon, III and Anne Witherspoon Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. [8] In 1764, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in divinity by the University of St Andrews.[9]. But even as late as January 6, 1776, the Congress adopted a resolution stating that the colonies, "had no design to set up as an independent nation." Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. Collection Overview . John Knox Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. There is a Richard Stockton Rest stop on the New Jersey Turnpike with his portrait and a short story. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." Nonetheless, Witherspoon transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a new country. -----------------------------------------------------------------. And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." He remained at the University to study divinity. His work turned Princeton into the Ivy League school it is today. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. He immediately began fund-raisinglocally and back home in Scotlandadded three hundred of his own books to the library, and began purchasing scientific equipment including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps, and a terrestrial globe. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. Exuberant citizens of Bowling Green, New York hauled down a large equestrian statue of George III and carried it to the Connecticut home of General Oliver Wolcott, a delegate to Congress. In Princeton a rumor started by Mr. Cochran, a Tory, claiming Stockton had taken General Howe's protection caused Stockton to be spoken against for a short time, but "Mr Cochran's known quarrel with him makes it very doubtful to candid persons" Rev. John Witherspoon, signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey, was born at Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722. Washington ordered his forces to withdraw and the Redcoats laid waste to most of the countryside, destroying in the process homes and lands of the four who signed for New York. The Syng inkstand is a silver inkstand used during the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions, and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. In the months that followed, impassioned speeches were delivered from New Hampshire to Georgia, and the political tension became almost unbearable. He lived in poverty for years before he was able to restore his property. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. Princeton University is considering a petition, signed by nearly 300 members of the campus community, to remove a statue of John Witherspoon. The males in his family were all clergymen, and he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. Richard Stockton was born near Princeton, on October 1, 1730. New York still abstained, but New Jersey and Pennsylvania voted in the affirmative. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Charles A. Goodrich, 1856The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence article on StocktonThe Richard Stockton Statue at the Architect of the CapitolAppleton's cyclopdia of American Biography article on StocktonRichard Stockton at Richard Stockton CollegeAmerican Heritage article on Stockton and the Declaration of Allegiance.Richard Stockton at Find a Grave. He voted in favor, and shortly after voted for the Declaration of Independence. They had a great deal to lose - life, liberty, and property - but they were convinced that the cause was worth the risk. John later became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Geography dictated the voting order among the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. That such men were present at the moment of America's birth strongly suggests that the same Divine Providence they invoked in the Declaration of Independence had indeed planned it that way. Morven is now a State owned Museum, a magnificent home which stands today as a testimonial to the Stockton family. Consequently, he was opposed to the Roman Catholic Legitimist Jacobite rising of 174546. John Stockton married his cousin Abigail and assumed his wifes Presbyterian faith. John is 15 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 18 degrees from Jim Carrey, 16 degrees from Elsie Knott, 19 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 20 degrees from Alton Parker, 22 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 18 degrees from Jenny Trout, 18 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 19 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 16 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 25 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 17 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". After much soul-searching, Hewes decided that his belief in liberty outweighed his pacifist convictions, and he joined those urging separation from England. Twelve thousand men camped on his fields-during the growing season. In June 1766, Richard Stockton sailed to London and for fifteen months traveled in England, Scotland and Ireland. Conditions were horrific in prison where over 12,000 men died in prison ships and prisons in New York compared with 4,435 battle casualties during the entire war. The President's House in Princeton, New Jersey, was his home from 1768 to 1779 and is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. Born in 1723, he received the finest education available to a bright young gentleman of that era. In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the College by the Reverend John Witherspoon. "Why do you spare my house? [1] The day Stockton was captured, General William Howe had written a Proclamation offering protection papers and a full and free pardon to those willing to remain in peaceable obedience to the King. Despite personal setbacks Witherspoon never lost his belief that America would prevail in the struggle for independence. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it."[20][21]. He also wrote frequent essays on subjects of interest to the colonies. Witherspoon has claimed descent from Scottish-born John Witherspoon, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence; however, this claim has not been verified by the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence genealogists. The black gowned students of Princeton surrounded the door to Nassau Hall and cheered as Washington entered. Stockton was six feet tall, with green eyes and a slender yet powerful build of an accomplished swordsman and horseman. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. Father of Julia Rush; Mary Hunter; Susannah Cuhtburt; Sen. Richard Stockton; Lucius Horatio Stockton and 2 others; Abigail Field and Abigail Dunbar less In 1912, after her mother married John William Coleman, the family moved into the city of Atlanta. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. : Rowman and Littlefield, 200&a. in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: John WITHERSPOON (1723), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Philip Stockton, Susanna Pintard, Oct 1 1730 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Feb 28 1781 - Morven, Princeton, New Jersey, Annis Stockton (Signer Of Declaration Of Independence) (born Boudinot), Oct 1 1730 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Feb 28 1781 - Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, dinot Rush (born Stockton), Mary Stockton, Susan Stockton, Lucius Horatio Stockton, Abigal Field, Abigail Stockton,
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