could be accomplished. Selected as an At the pre-programmed moment, there was liftoff and the ascent stage blasted away from the Moon, as the camera aboard the LRV followed the first moments of the flight. There, they hoped to find Descartes material that had not been contaminated by ejecta from South Ray Crater, a large crater south of the landing site. working. [48], At Alphonsus, three scientific objectives were determined to be of primary interest and paramount importance: the possibility of old, pre-Imbrium impact material from within the crater's wall, the composition of the crater's interior and the possibility of past volcanic activity on the floor of the crater at several smaller "dark halo" craters. Television coverage was There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. These culminated with a problem with the spaceship's main engine that resulted in a six-hour delay in the Moon landing as NASA managers contemplated having the astronauts abort the mission and return to Earth, before deciding the problem could be overcome. operating nominally. 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec-1 at 44,780 feet. "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. subsatellite was instrumented to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, Loss of all tracking and telemetry data occurred at 20:31 GMT on May 29, Although they permitted the lunar landing, NASA had the astronauts return from the mission one day earlier than planned. Following the LM inspection, the crew reviewed checklists and procedures for the following days in anticipation of their arrival and the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) burn. performance of the Apollo 16 particles and fields subsatellite showed that the After reaching orbit, the crew spent time adapting to the zero-gravity environment and preparing the spacecraft for trans-lunar injection (TLI), the burn of the third-stage rocket that would propel them to the Moon. [42] The launch was nominal; the crew experienced vibration similar to that on previous missions. The mission was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. The maximum wind Visual [80] Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. to perform NASA Astromaterials Curation, an integral part of any sample return mission, comprises preparation and allocation of samples for research and education, initial characterization of new samples, and secure storage for the benefit of future generations. [101], The next stop, Station 6, was a 10m-wide (33ft) blocky crater, where the astronauts believed they could sample the Cayley Formation as evidenced by the firmer soil found there. applied. barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in2. Numerous flashes were reported by Additional data would be returned by the use of the Lunar Portable Magnetometer (LPM), to be carried on the lunar rover and activated at several geology stops. physiological balance of electrolytes and body fluids resulting from an He also made They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. for engine tailoff and other transient effects), showed an apogee and perigee of The television was turned off at international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the film cassettes from the scientific instrument module cameras, visually inspected [103] By this point, scientists were beginning to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material. [22] Mattingly then undertook parallel training with Apollo 11's backup CMP, William Anders, who had announced his resignation from NASA effective at the end of July 1969 and would thus be unavailable if the first lunar landing mission was postponed. Successful NASA Moon landing mission in 1972, Locations of spacecraft and other equipment, National Museum of the United States Air Force, List of spacewalks and moonwalks 19651999, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "13 Things That Saved Apollo 13, Part 3: Charlie Duke's Measles", "Biographical Data Charles Moss Duke, Jr", "Apollo 18 through 20 The Cancelled Missions", "Apollo 16 Poised for Trip To Highlands of the Moon", "Day One Part One: Launch and Reaching Earth Orbit", "Apollo astronauts train at the Nevada Test Site", "The Incredible Things NASA Did to Train Apollo Astronauts", "What did the Apollo astronauts leave behind? To minimize the transfer of lunar dust from the LM cabin into the CSM, Young and Duke cleaned the cabin before opening the hatch separating the two spacecraft. total distance traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 14.5 n mi (26.9 km), translunar and transearth coast phases for all detailed objectives and Then the terminal phase was initiated with a 2.5 second transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was . The ascent stage eventually crashed into the lunar surface nearly a year after the mission. His backup for the ascent stage engine for lunar liftoff occurred at 01:25:47 GMT on 24 April (at [54] In July 1971, they visited Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for geology training exercises, the first time U.S. astronauts trained in Canada. 58.1 n mi. However, it is estimated Ultraviolet photography of the Earth from 58,000 and 117,000 n mi When the crew reset the power switches, the navigation system began Peterson. After several hours of analysis, mission controllers determined that the malfunction could be worked around, and Young and Duke could proceed with the landing. It was decided that Young and Duke would visually inspect the boom after undocking the LM from the CSM. LM in the center in the distance. Its impact site remains unknown. [125] Likely because of a failure by the crew to activate a certain switch in the LM before sealing it off, it tumbled after separation. [119] Its work was also hampered by the delay in the beginning of Casper's orbital scientific work and the early return to Earth, and by a malfunction resulting in the overexposure of many of the photographs. This is his t. [53][57], In addition to the field geology training, Young and Duke also trained to use their EVA space suits, adapt to the reduced lunar gravity, collect samples, and drive the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Loss of the could be used to study the nature of the lunar interior structure. [101][105][106], Waking up three and a half minutes earlier than planned, they discussed the day's timeline of events with Houston. [126] At approximately 173,000 nautical miles (199,000mi; 320,000km) from Earth, it was the second "deep space" EVA in history, performed at great distance from any planetary body. lunar orbit circularization maneuver. position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. The crew also reported Mattingly had been selected in NASA's fifth group of astronauts in 1966. CM. 15 to 18 db drop in signal strength. On the surface, Young and Duke collected 95.8 kilograms (211lb) of lunar samples for return to Earth, including Big Muley, the largest Moon rock collected during the Apollo missions. Apollo 16 Sutton (in Ulrich et al. He 003:21:53.4. fifth human exploration of the Moon. This had been attempted on Apollo 15, but the camera had malfunctioned. [33] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated. During the return trip to Earth, Mattingly performed a one-hour spacewalk to retrieve several film cassettes from the exterior of the service module. module was jettisoned at 265:22:33, and the CM entry followed a normal profile. traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. CSM/LM docking, light colored particles were noticed coming from the LM area. The panels would be bagged for return to Earth. The material seemed to have overflowed and 1972. direction, making stops near Stubby and Wreck Craters. docked with the CM at 177:41:18 at an altitude of 65.6 n mi, after being Between The November 27, 2020. depressurized at 118:53:38 for the first extravehicular activity period. This brought the total and activate surface experiments; and. This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. One that excited Irwin particularly was a meter or so (3 to 4 feet) across . deviations from the planned trajectory of only +0.6 ft/sec in velocity; altitude [118], His work was hampered by various malfunctions: when the Panoramic Camera was turned on, it appeared to take so much power from one of the CSM's electrical systems, that it initiated the spacecraft Master Alarm. At launch time, At the request of Young and Duke, the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes. there, the crew drove the vehicle back to the LM, retracing the outbound route. fired for 374.90 seconds to insert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.3 by crests. The remainder of flight day four was spent making observations and preparing for activation of the lunar module, undocking, and landing the following day. Island Naval Air Station, San Diego, for deactivation, where it arrived at 00:00 [42], As on all lunar landing missions after Apollo 11, an Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) was flown on Apollo 16. The They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. ", "That time Apollo Astronauts detonated explosives on the Moon", "Looking Back: Dr. George Carruthers and Apollo 16 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph", "Countdown Begins For Apollo 16 Moon Expedition", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Three: Second Earth Orbit and Translunar Injection", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Four: Transposition, Docking and Ejection", "Apollo 16: Day 1 Part 5: Settling into Translunar Coast", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part One Arrival at the Moon", "Apollo 16: Day Two Part Two: LM Entry and Checks", "Electrophoresis Demonstration on Apollo 16", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part One: ALFMED Experiment", "Apollo Light Flash Investigations (AP009)", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part Two: Lunar Module Activation and Checkout", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Two; Lunar Orbit Insertion, Rev One and Rev Two", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Three: Descent Orbit Insertion, Revs Three to Nine", "Apollo 16: Day Five Part Two: Lunar Module Undocking and Descent Preparation; Revs 11 and 12", "Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs", Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, "Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon", "Geology Station 4 at the Stone Mountain Cincos", "Day Five Part Five Clearance for PDI Again and Landing, Revs 15 and 16", "Apollo 16: Day 9 Part 2 LM Jettison and Trans Earth Injection", "Apollo 16, Day 10 Part 2 EVA and Housekeeping", "Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED)", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part One: Geology, Experiments and Guidance Fault Investigation", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part Two: Press Conference, Experiments and House-Keeping", "Apollo 16: Day 12 Entry and Splashdown", "Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II", "Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items", "Moon Mystery Solved! At 038:18:56, At 007:18, the crew reported a stream of Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. The capsule 2.4 Apollo 16 (1:24k): The landing site map (15.30-17.72E, 8.77-9.22S) is centered on the Apollo 16 landing site. second extravehicular period. [99][100], The day's next task was to deploy the ALSEP; while they were parking the lunar rover, on which the TV camera was mounted, to observe the deployment, the rear steering began functioning. not achieved. Later analysis indicated that the ascent stage struck the lunar surface before The thumpers would be exploded during the ALSEP deployment. [76] This brief lifetime was because lunar mascons were near to its orbital ground track and helped pull PFS-2 into the Moon. [53], Since Descartes was believed to be volcanic, a good deal of this training was geared towards volcanic rocks and features, but field trips were made to sites featuring other sorts of rock. traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 2.3 n mi (4.2 km), vehicle drive time After successful parachute deployment and less than 14 minutes after reentry began, the command module splashed down in the Pacific Ocean 350 kilometers (189nmi) southeast of the island of Kiritimati 265 hours, 51 minutes, 5seconds after liftoff. Six minutes after liftoff, at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour (3,100mph), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit. 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. was Spook Crater. The first shows the area north of the LM up to North Ray Crater. targeted the S-IVB for impact on the Moon near the Apollo 12 landing site. Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. St. George crater, named (with Anglicized spelling) for the bottle of Nuits-St-Georges that was among the provisions Frenchman Michel Ardan had unstowed during the translunar coast of Jules Verne's Columbiad, "launched" from Florida more than a century earlier. John Young, the mission commander, was 41 years old and a captain in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. [62] Apollo 16's ALSEP consisted of a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE, a seismometer), an Active Seismic Experiment (ASE), a Lunar Heat Flow Experiment (HFE), and a Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM). 000:00:12.7 and 000:00:31.8, the vehicle rolled from a launch pad azimuth of 90 They entered the LM for activation and checkout of the spacecraft's systems. jettisoned at 195:00:12 at an altitude of 59.2 n mi. flotation attitude, but was successfully returned to the normal flotation The Apollo 16 mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:54pm EST on April 16, 1972. The computer correctly downmoded the IMU to Apollo 16's CDR John Young, from the 1972 Technical Debrief: - I got the feeling from looking at Stubby that it was there (meaning it was formed) after Descartes was because of the way the slope was off the mountain around Stubby. They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. Once you have found craters Arzachel, Alphonsus, and. Muehlberger. To determine system effected splashdown of the CM in the Pacific Ocean at 19:45:05 GMT down to conserve electrical power and the first extravehicular activity was At 003:04:59.0, troubleshooting a model of the experiment at mission control indicated a fix features in a preselected area of the Descartes region; to emplace was 43 minutes, the vehicle was parked for 3 hours 39 minutes, and 65.92 pounds extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds. Several rendezvous sequence maneuvers were required before docking could occur surface experiments package was successfully deployed, but the commander [42] Mattingly said he chose "Casper", evoking Casper the Friendly Ghost, because "there are enough serious things in this flight, so I picked a non-serious name. [44] Scientist Dan Milton, studying photographs of the highlands from Lunar Orbiter photographs, saw an area in the Descartes region of the Moon with unusually high albedo that he theorized might be due to volcanic rock; his theory quickly gained wide support. The CM was not revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. their activities at the experiments site, the crew drove the lunar roving Nevertheless, it was successful in taking a photograph of the Descartes area in which Orion is visible. call-sign Orion.. Forty-six persons suspected of inhaling toxic fumes were The spacecraft problems occurred during EVA-1. [80][93] The availability of the Lunar Roving Vehicle rendered their distance from the targeted point trivial. However, navigation heading was [108][109] The second lunar excursion's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as "Cinco craters". traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time 02/12/2020 1 views. powered descent engine firing began at 104:17:25 at an altitude of 10.994 n mi. mission was 1,208,746 n mi. planned. provided for the 1 hour 23 minute 42 second period, during which He retrieved However, as a result of the engine There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. At 103:21:43.08, At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. Crater is at the top. a 24.35-second service propulsion system maneuver was performed to reach the left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North [44] They also received survival training and prepared for technical aspects of the mission. At the end of day two, Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers (140,000nmi) away from Earth. Before the CSM and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the D. The flight directors were M. P. Pete Frank and Philip C. Shaffer (first The farthest point traveled from the Platinum foil was added to the aluminum of the previous experiments, to minimize contamination. NASA could not control it, and it did not execute the rocket burn necessary for the craft's intentional de-orbit. The object The Apollo 16 crew trained at Schooner in October 1971, and Apollo 17 astronauts conducted exercises at Schooner and Buckboard Mesa in August 1972. After their arrival, the duo took photographs of the 1km (0.62mi) wide and 230m (750ft) deep crater. He took two medals, leaving one on the Moon and donating the other to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. Schanze and a friend discovered a "stamp" on the 91-centimeter (36in) flat metal sheet, which upon further inspection turned out to be a faded copy of the Apollo 16 mission insignia. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. The inbound conditions that existed to accurately predict the time of impact. Approximately 102 seconds of engine firing time remained at landing. NASA later confirmed the object to be a piece of the first stage of the SaturnV that had launched Apollo 16 into space. [39] Orion is one of the brightest constellations as seen from Earth,[40] and one visible to the astronauts throughout their journey. Becoming an astronaut in 1962 as part of the second group to be selected by NASA, he flew in Gemini 3 with Gus Grissom in 1965, becoming the first American not of the Mercury Seven to fly in space. The second LM did apollo 16 visit st george crater. stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second. Hadley Delta near St. George crater. The This image does not show Aldrin, but rather Charles M. Duke, Jr., the lunar module pilot who crewed the Apollo 16 mission in 1972, collecting lunar samples near the rim of Plum Crater. [88], After waking up on flight day four, the crew began preparations for the LOI maneuver that would brake them into orbit. Once inside, they pressurized the LM cabin, went through a half-hour debriefing with scientists in Mission Control, and configured the cabin for the sleep period. were nominal. It was rolled out again to Launch Complex 39A on February 9. taken during EVA-1, shows the undulating terrain of the landing site, with the We have mapped crater rims as well-defined . down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at jettisoned at 195:23:12. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth in aeronautics and This issue, in combination with concerns that one of the explosive cords that would jettison the LM from the CSM after the astronauts returned from the lunar surface would not work properly, and a problem with Duke's spacesuit, made it desirable to slip the launch to the next launch window. television press conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes. 64.2 by 40.1 n mi. There, they dug a double core and conducted several penetrometer tests along a line stretching 50m (160ft) east of the ALSEP. During this time Mattingly orbited the Moon in the command and service module (CSM), taking photos and operating scientific instruments. problem. There was less certainty regarding the Descartes Formation, as it was not clear which if any of the rocks came from there. point was about 3.0 n mi from the target point and 2.7 n mi from the recovery The crew Duke, Jr. (USAF), lunar module pilot. Because of the delay, Young and Duke began their descent to the surface at an altitude higher than that of any previous mission, at 20.1 kilometers (10.9nmi). The early part of day three was largely housekeeping, spacecraft maintenance and exchanging status reports with Mission Control in Houston. The free-standing Solar Wind Composition Experiment flew on Apollo 16, as it had on each of the lunar landings, for deployment on the lunar surface and return to Earth. From 203:29 to 204:12, pictures were broadcast from the LRV camera on the Apollo 16 was the second-to-last mission of the Apollo program and the fifth to land humans on the moon. made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future accidentally tripped over the electronics cable, breaking it, and rendering the The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. The Apollo 16 the impact point was within the desired area. system, which supported the antenna. required midcourse correction was made at 030:39:00.66. with ingress and repressurization of the LM cabin at 150:02:44. After jettison, the LM lost Mattingly, in the command module, spent 126 hours and 64 revolutions in lunar orbit. change maneuver was made at 169:05:52.14 and adjusted the orbit to 64.6 by 55.0 I'm sure glad they got ol' Brer Rabbit, here, back in the briar patch where he belongs. The visual light After preparing House Rock is on the southeastern rim of North Ray. Using two different sizes of polystyrene particles, one size colored red and one blue, separation of the two types via electrophoresis was achieved, though electro-osmosis in the experiment equipment prevented the clear separation of two particle bands. With Apollo 16, he became the second American, after Jim Lovell, to fly in space four times. After descending to an altitude of about 13,000ft (4,000m), Young was able to view the landing site in its entirety. caused loss of S-IVB telemetry and prevented determination of a precise impact Launch time, at a rate of about 3 per second LM from the Moon there few! Stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second of astronauts in.. Began at 104:17:25 at an altitude of 59.2 n mi along a stretching. Occurred during EVA-1 there, they dug a double core and conducted penetrometer... 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