Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. [129] In March 1990, the lava dome had a temperature of 100200C (212392F), with some parts exceeding 900C (1,650F). Lscar Google Earth Placemark with Features Cite Volcano Profile Chile Stratovolcano (es) 2017 CE Country Primary Volcano Type Last Known Eruption 23.37S 67.73W 5592 m 18346 ft 355100 Latitude Longitude Summit Elevation Volcano Number 2022 Microsoft Corporation Terms Latest Activity Reports Weekly Reports Bulletin Reports Synonyms & Subfeatures Also, a volcano that is not presently erupting, but that has erupted within historical time and is considered likely to do so in the future. [226] Other eruptions were recorded in November 2006 and July 2007. Its large crater is filled by another cone,[54] which forms the highest summit of the Lascar volcano. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. [244] Thallium from the volcano is a pollution hazard in the Talabre area. Imprecise argonargon dating on younger andesites has yielded dates of 14,000 18,000 and 17,000 22,000 years. [153] Such a vent or caldera is substantially smaller than the volume of rocks erupted, a discrepancy that is also evident in the 1932 eruption of Quizapu. [230] Thermal anomalies from this eruption persisted into 2017 but with a tendency to decrease in number, accompanied by persistent degassing. Flashcards. [118], Sulfur and chlorine may be derived from the crust, evaporites such as these found at Salar de Atacama, subducted lithosphere or the mantle. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. [101] The fumarole gases react with surrounding rocks, forming precipitates and altered rocks. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. [36] The lavas from stage I are mostly exposed north and west of Lascar. SERNAGEOMIN reported that an eruption at Lscar began at 1236 on 10 December with an explosive event that produced a dense ash plume and pyroclastic flows proximal to the crater. Lascar is on the centre-left, Aguas Calientes right. Res. [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. [104] Overall sulfur output ranges between 200 and 2,300 tonnes per day (2.3 and 26.6kg/s). [203], This eruption was the most significant eruption of Lascar in the last 9,000 years, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4[35][129] and a duration of 32 hours,[8] and one of the most significant volcanic eruptions in the recent history of Chile. [251], Due to the dry climate, there is little vegetation at Lascar. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. The largest eruption of Lascar in recent history took place in 1993, . [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. ", "Recent eruptive activity from Lascar volcano (2006)", "Informe sobre el sistema volcnico de Lascar", "El ciclo eruptivo del 18 al 25 de Abril de 2006 del volcan Lascar, Andes Centrales", "Impact area determination of pyroclastic deposits in Lascar volcano, eruptive process in the year 1993", 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<614:UTLTMT>2.0.CO;2, "Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data", "La erupcion subpliniana del 19-20 de Abril de 1993 del volcan Lascar, N de Chile", Impacts of the 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano on Chilean infrastructure, utilities, agriculture, and health, "Viajes e intercambios entre las comunidades argentinas y chilenas en la puna atacamea (segunda mitad del siglo XX)", "Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry, photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future space monitoring", "An InSAR-based survey of volcanic deformation in the central Andes", "Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile", "SrPb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust", "Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting", "The emplacement dynamics of pumice lobes ascertained from morphology and granulometry: Examples from the 1993 deposits at Lascar Volcano, Chile", 20.500.11820/704f9e40-352c-49da-af10-83ce7c003ac6, "Post-depositional fracturing and subsidence of pumice flow deposits: Lascar Volcano, Chile", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lascar_(volcano)&oldid=1128908838, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 16:28. [213] The 1993 eruption was followed by a significant increase in the fluorine content of plants covered by the ash. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. The next day, additional explosions occurred at 15:04, 15:05 and 17:39 UTC, with a maximum column height of 7 kilometres (4.3mi). and 1902, ranging from a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 0 to VEI 2. Explosive activity presumably occurs when gases can no longer escape. [35], A 200-metre-wide (660ft) and 50-metre-high (160ft) lava dome formed in early 1989. [248], Volcanic activity at Lascar affects neighbouring ecosystems such as the Aguas Calientes crater lake and Laguna Lejia; flamingos disappeared from the latter after the 1993 eruption and did not return until 2007. [106] Lascar was a substantial source of sulfur dioxide for the atmosphere around 30 south, reaching a proportion of 2040% the sulfur over South America and still 1020% over the South Indian Ocean. Estimated temperatures decreased from 800900C (1,4701,650F) at the vent to 580600C (1,0761,112F) farther down the flows. Walter, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is based on the measurement of the time delay between the emission of a laser pulse and the reception of the echos that return from target objects. [23], About 122 volcanoes with Holocene eruptions exist in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including Ojos del Salado which with a height of 6,887 metres (22,595ft) is the highest volcano in the world. [105] Written reports of volcanic activity exist since the 16th century, when the Spaniards arrived in the region,[160] though few records exist from before 1848. [171], Vulcanian explosions started on 18 April 1993, and on 1920 April 1993, a major eruption occurred. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. Finally, the andesitic pumice Tumbres flow is found on the northwestwestsouthwestern slopes of Lascar. [181] These flows reached a thickness of about 510 metres (1633ft) and advanced through the Quebrada de Talabre, which had intercepted the flows on the northern flank. Divergent Plate Boundaries At a divergent boundary, tectonic plates move apart from one another. The western edifice generated a complex of lava domes (stage II),[53] which was probably surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped crater open to the west. [31] The largest historical eruption occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600. [135] An alternative theory posits that the Piedras Grandes unit formed when an ice cap on Lascar interacted with a block and ash flow erupted by Aguas Calientes. [165] The eruption itself lasted only about five minutes and consisted of two pulses. [157][162] Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. administered through the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University. [53] Around 5150 1250 BCE, as obtained by surface exposure dating,[157] the Tumbres-Talabre lava flow was erupted from the eastern crater. [44] East of Lascar lies the La Pacana caldera. A number of such xenoliths formed from carbonate rocks that were influenced by magma[96][83] of Lascar and of other volcanoes such as Tumisa. [210], The people of Talabre were evacuated during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation orders. [130] The long-term magma supply rate of Lascar is about 0.08 cubic kilometres per millennium (80,000m3/a),[131] the volcano has produced about 3040 cubic kilometres (7.29.6cumi) of rock. [9], Lascar, like El Tatio, is a destination for volcano tourism. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. [227] Between January 2014 and June 2016, about 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes per month were recorded. [55] The extinct western cone (also known as Apagado) is composed of layers of lava and pyroclastics. The two types of plate boundaries that are most likely to produce volcanic activity are divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries. Learn. Test. Data allows to study structural and geomorphological features at the nested craters of Lscar Volcano, Chile. Carbon in the gases may come from skarn assimilation. [100] Steam explosions caused by rainfall have been reported. [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. The chamber may be surrounded by skarnic alteration. [128] The towns of Tumbres and Talabre may be affected by pyroclastic flows, and ash falls can occur east of the volcano. Lascar has had a number of small to moderate explosive eruptions in historic times, as well as a few larger eruptions that caused ashfall hundreds of kilometers away. Two types of Plate boundaries are often associated with volcanic eruptions: Plates rip apart at a divergent plate boundary, causing volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes; and At a convergent plate boundary, one plate dives or "subducts" beneath the other, resulting in a variety of earthquakes and a line of volcanoes on the overriding plate. What plate is forming lascar volcano? The Soncor magma chamber may have been too deep to collapse when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera was formed. The Lascar volcano is located in the Andes and erupted on 10th December . Acamarachi is the white cone on the right. [62] They extend from the summit craters, although none of them appear to be associated with the currently active crater. [88] Magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres (3.7mi) depth. [85] The overall magma supply rate of Lascar is 0.020.03 cubic metres per second (0.711.06cuft/s). [175] Lithic blocks are up to 3 metres (9.8ft) thick. [5], The new town of Talabre is 17 kilometres (11mi) west of Lascar. [148] The total volume of the Soncor eruption products has been estimated to be either 5.6 cubic kilometres (1.3cumi) dense rock equivalent or 10 cubic kilometres (2.4cumi) net volume, both minimum estimates. [129], A monitoring network has been built around the volcano beginning from 2010. [86] After the end of stage I, a period of glacial erosion occurred prior to new activity,[72] which created furrows in the Saltar flow. [42] Tumisa, to the south of Lascar, was active between 2.5 and 0.4 million years ago,[43] is composed of dacite and surrounded by pyroclastic flow deposits. [156] The frequent smaller explosive events commonly occur unexpectedly and can thus endanger people on the mountain. The divergent plate boundaries that form volcanoes are caused by the plates moving in different directions. The station was operating discontinuously until 2015. 1-2 mm of very fine ash fell in Jama (international boundary of Chile and Argentina). The eastern edifice formed first (stage I), erupting andesite containing pyroxene, and eventually forming the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows. [56] Measurements made from 1961 to 1997 determined that the eastern crater is 1 kilometre (0.62mi) wide and 150200 metres (490660ft) deep[57] and thus the largest,[53] the central crater is 600 metres (2,000ft) wide and 100200 metres (330660ft) deep, and the western crater is 800 metres (2,600ft) wide and 200300 metres (660980ft) deep,[57] increasing to 400 metres (1,300ft) depth in 20052006. [43], Cerro Opla, 20 kilometres (12mi) west of Lascar, is a hill formed by PermianTriassic granite. [134] These deposits have volumes of 0.1 cubic kilometres (0.024cumi) and probably formed when an explosive eruption took place in a lava lake. Further, fractures permitting gas passage are obstructed when the magma contracts. Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. 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