In addition, contemporary newspaper articles, including the 1871 stories about his appointment as Collector of the Port of New York, all indicate that he was born in Vermont, though some incorrectly give his birthplace as. Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science "Unless. [31][d][32][e][33] When Hinman's original story did not take root, he spread a new rumor that Arthur was born in Canada. [162] Blaine did not remain in office long enough to see the effort through, and when Frederick T. Frelinghuysen replaced him at the end of 1881, the conference efforts lapsed. President Arthur signed the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, one of the most consequential pieces of immigration legislation in United States History. [133] Judge John R. Brady of the New York Supreme Court administered the oath of office in Arthur's home at 2:15a.m. on September 20. President Arthur became known as the ''Father of the Steel Navy'' as he pushed for the military to use new steel technology in building and expanding its capabilities. [158] While Arthur was not opposed to internal improvements, the scale of the bill disturbed him, as did its narrow focus on "particular localities," rather than projects that benefited a larger part of the nation. By U.S. News Staff. Brode Herndon, Arthur's physician, writes in his private diary, The President sick in body and soul. Arthur had been diagnosed that year with Bright's disease, a fatal kidney ailment; his health will deteriorate rapidly while being kept secret from the general public. James Garfield added Arthur to the 1880 presidential ticket because he thought it would help him win the state of New York, whose Republican party machine was instrumental to any political victory. Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York and practiced law in New York City. Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). [49] The office was a patronage appointment of minor importance until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, when New York and the other northern states were faced with raising and equipping armies of a size never before seen in American history. He had no vice president during his term in office. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of . Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Physician keeps Presidents disease secret, Proclamation against settlement in Oklahoma, Notice of Non-Discrimination and Equal Opportunity. [77] In total, his income came to more than $50,000more than the president's salary, and more than enough for him to enjoy fashionable clothes and a lavish lifestyle. A skilled fisherman 8. portrait of chester alan arthur, 21st president of the united states - chester a. arthur stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images The Great Bridge - President Arthur and his Party Crossing the Suspended Highway, drawn by Schell & Hogan, Harper's Weekly, June 2, 1883. [121] The Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected. [125] Immediately, the Democrats attempted to organize the Senate, knowing that the vacancies would soon be filled by Republicans. [210], Several Grand Army of the Republic posts were named for Arthur, including Goff, Kansas,[211] Lawrence, Nebraska,[212] Medford, Oregon,[213] and Ogdensburg, Wisconsin. This guided Chester A. Arthur Bio Poem Activity is a great research and poetry writing activity for a lesson, literacy or poetry center or even your substitute file for Presidents' Day or any time of year!Print and Go or Assign the Easel version. [46] Later that year, he started a new law partnership with a friend, Henry D. Gardiner, and traveled with him to Kansas to consider purchasing land and setting up a law practice there. https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/chester-a-arthur. It was an incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to keep Chinese labor out of the American market. Critics have long contended that Twain's Puddin' Head Wilson is based on Arthur's reforming of the Civil Service. Chandler, an aggressive administrator, purged the Navy of wood-and-canvas warship supporters and created the Naval War College. The Chinese immigration ban would eventually be extended up through the 1920s. [175] He gave full authority to his new Secretary of Navy William E. Chandler, Hunt's successor. [105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. Arthur was the second vice president to become chief executive due to an assassination. Chester Alan Arthur 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York. Windup Teacher. When he became president after Garfield's assassination, Arthur surprised his party in 1883 by signing the Pendleton Act, which . There, his health continued to deteriorate, and on November 18, 1886, he died at age 57 at his home. Secretary of State James G. Blaine resigns due to political differences between himself and President Arthur. "[4] Ten fun facts about Chester A. Arthur. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. 4, 1885 Political Party Republican Party (1854-1886), Whig Party (Before 1856) Personal Info Born Oct. 5, 1829 Died Nov. 18, 1886 (at age 57) Religion Episcopal School Union College State and National Law School Profession [150] As a result, the lame-duck session of Congress was more amenable to civil service reform; the Senate approved Pendleton's bill 385 and the House soon concurred by a vote of 15547. Congress passes a bill mandating the use of the census for determining congressional representation, a move which increases the number of representatives in Congress to 325. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield. [100] Arthur immediately took advantage of the resulting free time to work for the election of Edward Cooper as New York City's next mayor. One presidential oath was administered by a state court judge, also in New York City by a New York State judge: Arthur first offered the post to Edwin D. Morgan, who had been his patron in New York; Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age. [55], Arthur returned to practicing law, and with the help of additional contacts made in the military, he and the firm of Arthur & Gardiner flourished. [200] Blatchford accepted, and his nomination was approved by the Senate within two weeks. Biographer George Howe takes this exchange at face value, Conkling and Pratt were ultimately denied re-election, being succeeded by. Arthur requested standardized time 6. Chester A. Arthur 21st United States President Previous Next In office Sep. 19, 1881 - Mar. [14] They quickly moved from Burlington to Jericho, and finally to Waterville, as William received positions teaching at different schools. He also oversaw the establishment of the Naval War College and the Office of Naval Intelligence. [192] To rejuvenate his health outside the confines of Washington, Arthur and some political friends traveled to Florida in April 1883. [119] Candidates for high office did not personally campaign in those days, but as state Republican chairman, Arthur played a part in the campaign in his usual fashion: overseeing the effort in New York and raising money. [40] In 1853, after studying at State and National Law School in Ballston Spa, New York, and then saving enough money to relocate, Arthur moved to New York City to read law at the office of Erastus D. Culver, an abolitionist lawyer and family friend. Major Events During Chester A. Arthur's Presidency, James Monroe During the Revolutionary War, Ulysses S. Grant: Early Life, Education & Facts, President Ulysses S. Grant's Foreign Policy, Ulysses S. Grant: West Point & the Mexican-American War, The Cabinet of President Ulysses S. Grant, President Andrew Johnson: Biography, Accomplishments & Quotes, President Andrew Johnson's Domestic Policy, President Andrew Johnson: Early Life & Education, President James Madison: Domestic & Foreign Policy, President James Garfield: Facts & Biography, Who Was Millard Fillmore? [190] During Arthur's presidency, settlers and cattle ranchers continued to encroach on Native American territory. His father was a preacher. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. [37] After completing his college preparation at the Lyceum of Union Village (now Greenwich) and a grammar school in Schenectady, Arthur enrolled at Union College there in 1845, where he studied the traditional classical curriculum. He was raised in New York. [33][f][34], Arthur spent some of his childhood years living in the New York towns of York, Perry, Greenwich, Lansingburgh, Schenectady, and Hoosick. [156] In May of that year, Representative William D. Kelley of Pennsylvania introduced a bill to establish a tariff commission;[156] the bill passed and Arthur signed it into law but appointed mostly protectionists to the committee. [224], "Chester Alan Arthur" and "Chester Arthur" redirect here. Chester A. Arthur The 21st President of the United States Presidents George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren. He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. In the federal presidential election, Grover Cleveland defeats James G. Blaine. [152] Even after he signed the act into law, its proponents doubted Arthur's commitment to reform. $1.25. The United States participates in an international conference establishing standard time. "[154], With high revenue held over from wartime taxes, the federal government had collected more than it spent since 1866; by 1882 the surplus reached $145 million. Typically, these jobs were dispensed to adherents of the political machine responsible for appointing the Collector. I have gained a better understanding of the American political system as well as the history of the system. Upon the murder of James Garfield in 1881, Arthur became the twenty-first president of the United States. [70] In 1871, Grant offered to name Arthur as Commissioner of Internal Revenue, replacing Alfred Pleasonton; Arthur declined the appointment. [200] Arthur nominated Horace Gray, a distinguished jurist from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court to replace him, and the nomination was easily confirmed. Congress passes the so-called Mongrel Tariff Act, a complex tariff revision that reduces rates on various items by less than 2 percent; Arthur had lobbied Congress for a 20 to 25 percent cut on all items. The bridge was an engineering marvel, utilizing numerous construction techniques that had never before been attempted on such a massive scale. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. The number of Civil Service positions affected by the bill would later be expanded. [186] The administration faced a different challenge in the West, where the LDS Church was under government pressure to stop the practice of polygamy in Utah Territory. During the process, more than 20 wagonloads of furnishings from previous presidential administrations were cleared out and auctioned off. [108] Neither candidate commanded a majority of delegates and, deadlocked after thirty-six ballots, the convention turned to a dark horse, James A. Garfield, an Ohio Congressman and Civil War general who was neither Stalwart nor Half-Breed. Chester Alan Arthur (1829-1886) 1829, Oct. 5 Born, Fairfield, Vermont, to William Arthur (1796-1875) and Malvina Stone Arthur (1802-1869). Chester A. Arthur: Impact and Legacy By Justus Doenecke Historians view the Chester Arthur presidency as an important surprise, one that no one would have expected. [20] Arthur also supported the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish republican organization founded in America; he showed this support by wearing a green coat. During his childhood, he moved seven times. The United States and Mexico conclude a convention on their shared territorial boundary. $50,000 in 1871 is equal to $1.13million in present terms. So too, as it turns out, is the New York City house in which Arthur was sworn in as president, and died just five . Political opponent of the President and former secretary of state James G. Blaine defeats Arthur for the nomination; John A. Logan is selected as vice president. . [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. The Democratic nominee, General Winfield Scott Hancock was popular and having avoided taking definitive positions on most issues of the day, he had not offended any pivotal constituencies. A revised version of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which reduces the period of non-immigration to ten years but maintains the ban on Chinese citizenship, becomes law. Arthur owned at least 80 pairs of pants. When New Yorkers elected Democrat Horatio Seymour governor in November 1862, Arthur lost his position to a member of the other party. Under this system, elected officials rewarded their supporters with political appointments in their administrations. Congress passes a bill repealing the 1862 test oath, which required office holders to swear they had never engaged in illegal or disloyal conduct. [130] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". In the general election, Garfield and Arthur defeated Democratic nominee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and his running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into office on March 4, 1881. [10] William Arthur also spent a brief time studying law, but while still in Waterville, he departed from both his legal studies and his Presbyterian upbringing to join the Free Will Baptists; he spent the rest of his life as a minister in that sect. [137][m] He initially took up residence at the home of Senator John P. Jones, while a White House remodeling he had ordered was carried out, including addition of an elaborate fifty-foot glass screen by Louis Comfort Tiffany. [157], Congress attempted to balance the budget from the other side of the ledger, with increased spending on the 1882 Rivers and Harbors Act in the unprecedented amount of $19 million. According to a purported eyewitness account by journalist William C. Hudson, Conkling and Arthur argued, with Arthur telling Conkling, "The office of the Vice-President is a greater honor than I ever dreamed of attaining. Arthur was born in Vermont in 1829 and was the son of a Baptist preacher. [209], Arthur's post-presidency was the second-shortest of all presidents who lived past their presidencies, after that of James K. Polk who died just three months after leaving office. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Elected to the vice presidency in 1880, Arthur became president after Garfield died following an assassination attempt by a disgruntled job seeker. [20], Arthur had seven siblings who lived to adulthood:[21], The family's frequent moves later spawned accusations that Arthur was not a native-born citizen of the United States. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 - January 17, 1893) The presidents from Reconstruction to the turn of the century were less than mediocre. Chester Arthur Franklin was a leading African American editor and publisher of the Kansas City Call, who used his newspaper platform to advocate for systemic change and equity, both for Kansas City's black community and for African Americans nationwide. Journalist Alexander McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe. This man was Chester A. Arthur. In 1866, Arthur unsuccessfully attempted to secure the position of Naval Officer at the New York Custom House, a lucrative job subordinate only to the Collector. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. [194] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. "[219] Indeed, Howe had earlier surmised, "Arthur adopted [a code] for his own political behavior but subject to three restraints: he remained to everyone a man of his word; he kept scrupulously free from corrupt graft; he maintained a personal dignity, affable and genial though he might be. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes the twenty-first President of the United States The assassin, Guiteau, will be hanged on June 30, 1882. biography Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, 1829. [72] Murphy's reputation as a war profiteer and his association with Tammany Hall made him unacceptable to many of his own party, but Conkling convinced the Senate to confirm him. He was the fifth of eight children born to William Arthur, a Baptist minister, and Malvina Stone Arthur. Hallmarked Chester. Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829. Chester A. Arthur was not supposed to be president. It is estimated that more than twenty men were killed during the construction of the bridge, although records are debatable. [148] The second trial began in December 1882 and lasted until July 1883 and, again, did not result in a guilty verdict. [196] Business leaders supported him, as did Southern Republicans who owed their jobs to his control of the patronage, but by the time they began to rally around him, Arthur had decided against a serious campaign for the nomination. An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). [1] How Did Chester A. Arthur Become President? Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829[b] November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. "[91] Arthur and his subordinates, Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell and Surveyor George H. Sharpe, refused to obey the president's order; Sherman encouraged Arthur to resign, offering him appointment by Hayes to the consulship in Paris in exchange, but Arthur refused. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. [118] Hancock did not help his own cause when, in an attempt to remain neutral on the tariff, he said that "[t]he tariff question is a local question", which only made him appear uninformed about an important issue. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America's 21st President (1881-85), succeeding President James Garfield upon his assassination. [166] To their surprise, Arthur vetoed it and requested revisions, which they made and Arthur then approved. [181] Since the end of Reconstruction, conservative white Democrats (or "Bourbon Democrats") had regained power in the South, and the Republican party dwindled rapidly as their primary supporters in the region, blacks, were disenfranchised. Eastern newspapers praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Western states. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. On his grave marker, his birth year is incorrectly given as 1830. [166] In July 1882 Congress easily passed a bill regulating steamships that carried immigrants to the United States. Arthur was also involved in the so-called Lemmon slave case, in which the New York Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred to a slave state through New York would be freed. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. Previously the 20th vice president,. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. [205] He managed a few public appearances until the end of 1885. [111] They next approached Arthur, and Conkling advised him to also reject the nomination, believing the Republicans would lose. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. [10], The Arthurs moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina. [218] At the dedication, Secretary of War Elihu Root described Arthur as, "wise in statesmanship and firm and effective in administration," while acknowledging that Arthur was isolated in office and unloved by his own party. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. Arthur became a member of the New York State Militia in the late 1850s, although he never saw combat. "[159] Congress overrode his veto the next day[158] and the new law reduced the surplus by $19 million. [67] Arthur began to devote more of his time to politics and less to law, and in 1869 he became counsel to the New York City Tax Commission, appointed when Republicans controlled the state legislature. Arthurs administration also fought fraud in the U.S. The Presidency of Chester Arthur spanned the period in United States history that encompasses the events of the Maturation Era or the Gilded Age. The foreman of the jury charges that a government agent attempted to bribe him, and the judge orders a retrial, to begin on December 7, 1882. William's mother was born Eliza McHarg and she married Alan Arthur. Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Executive Branch read more, The Republican William Howard Taft worked as a judge in Ohio Superior Court and in the U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals before accepting a post as the first civilian governor of the Philippines in 1900. As a young boy, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich, New York, before enrolling at the Union College in 1845. [168] Three years later, after China had agreed to treaty revisions, Congress tried again to exclude working class Chinese laborers; Senator John F. Miller of California introduced another Chinese Exclusion Act that blocked entry of Chinese laborers for a twenty-year period. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). [128][k] The Republican majority in the state legislature was divided on the question, to Conkling and Platt's surprise, and an intense campaign in the statehouse ensued. The Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born. The assassin's bullet that wounded President James Garfield in July had claimed his life the day before. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. Following a funeral in Manhattan, the former president was buried beside his wife in the Arthur family plot in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. [42], When Arthur joined the firm, Culver and New York attorney John Jay (the grandson of the Founding Father John Jay) were pursuing a habeas corpus action against Jonathan Lemmon, a Virginia slaveholder who was passing through New York with his eight slaves. [198] He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland.[199]. An 1848 graduate of Union College, Arthur was admitted to the New York City bar in 1851, and he established a legal practice in New York City that same year. [193] The vacation had the opposite effect, and Arthur suffered from intense pain before returning to Washington. 10. [160] Republicans considered the law a success at the time, but later concluded that it contributed to their loss of seats in the elections of 1882. Burt. 0. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, delegates chose New York Customs House collector Chester A. Arthur (1829-86) as the Republican vice-presidential nominee. Arthur receives Korean ambassadors in New York. [41] When Arthur was admitted to the New York bar in 1854, he joined Culver's firm, which was subsequently renamed Culver, Parker, and Arthur. [104] Arthur and Conkling campaigned vigorously for the Stalwart ticket and, owing partly to a splintering of the Democratic vote, were victorious. [202] Senator George Edmunds was Arthur's next choice, but he declined to be considered. Chester Alan Arthur, one of the few men to serve his entire presidency without ever being elected to office (John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Andrew Johnson, and Gerald Ford were the others), died on this day in 1886. [15], In 1828, the family moved again, to Fairfield, where Chester Alan Arthur was born the following year; he was the fifth of nine children. In 1878, President Rutherford B. Hayes fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. He was elected as James Garfield's vice president in the presidential election of 1880, but when Garfield was assassinated, Arthur was left with no choice but to take his spot in the Oval Office. [96], Arthur's job was spared only until July 1878, when Hayes took advantage of a Congressional recess to fire him and Cornell, replacing them with the recess appointment of Merritt and Silas W. North Fairfield Baptist Church 5964 Duffy Hill Road, Fairfield, Vermont [217], In 1898, the Arthur memorial statuea fifteen-foot (4.6m), bronze figure of Arthur standing on a Barre Granite pedestalwas created by sculptor George Edwin Bissell and installed at Madison Square, in New York City. . [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he was quartermaster for the state of New York, responsible for organizing food and supplies for Union soldiers. [149] Republicans lost seats in the 1882 congressional elections, in which Democrats campaigned on the reform issue. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! Arthur practiced law in New York City. 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