(Note: The following is regarding the Alexandrian Text type manuscripts.). 2. Thank you again. The translation is quite in order and your accusation of intentional mistranslation is unfounded. Apologize for typos, kind of hurriedly typed that up on my phone. They arent the only ones to say this either. and to offer a sacrifice according to what is said in the Law of the Lord, a pair of turtle-doves, or two young pigeons. It is widely quoted in the New Testament. 17 Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. Or to put it another way: The Majority Text method within textual criticism could be called the democratic method. That gross blunder, whereby a clause is omitted because it happens to end in the same word as the clause preceding, occurs no less than 115 times in the New Testament. However, you havent answered my question as you said you would, even in a short form as I did your questions. The Byzantine text type is noticeably longer than the Alexandrian text type. The Textus Receptus: the "received text", Erasmus in the 15th Century AD, compiled the New Testament from Greek manuscripts (not using the Latin) utilizing as his main source the Byzantine Family of Greek texts which are later Greek texts from 5th to 12th C, but Erasmus only used 6 Byzantine texts from the 12th Century. The AV translators relied heavily upon the work of William Tyndale and other editions of the English Bible. soil.2. Notice that Westcott & Hort recognized the Majority Text theory, but then summarily dismissed it saying the smallest tangible evidence of other kinds was enough to overthrow it. He found the old testament was accurate. I do not believe you can possibly come to the correct conclusion from this viewpoint, no matter how long you study, how much evidence you look at, or how scholarly you may be. Further, such a text appears to prevail in the larger quantity of copies in Homer, Hippocrates, and the NT tradition. Source: The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible. (It is only by Gods grace that you have been saved!) Theres no proof of that, but its possible. May the Lord continue to grow this character trait in you and continue to bless your studies and teaching skills. The Septuagint (/sptudnt/), or simply "LXX", is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, erroniously assumed to be translated in stages between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC in Alexandria. The fact of the matter is that the Critical Text of Westcott-Hort differs from the TR, mostly by deletions, in 9,970 words out of 140,521, giving a total of 7% difference. https://blog.oup.com/2013/07/septuagint-christianity-bible-dead-sea-scrolls/, Septuagint Old Testament Bilingual (Greek / English) - 1. All of these versions, (do you see the problem? Further (unless they are working in concert) the odds of them coming up with identical changes is minuscule. Theres a Textual Variant on the word gentle. Metzger translated these words as, Fool and knave, cant you leave the old reading alone, and not alter it! Another rendering: Untrained troublemaker, forgive the ancient [reading]; do not convert it. He re-wrote , erasing most of the correctors . His prophecy wont fail. I am wondering why you say that it is a matter of less than 1% of the New Testament. Ive found this information in various books: I suppose if you know where all the errors are, you might want to make them publicly known so that they can be corrected. The grass withers, Ever since then, I have done a lot of study on Bible manuscripts and I have been struggling a lot with the differences between the textus receptus and the critical text. This might be surprising to hear after what youve just read, but you might be right. I pray you will seek the truth at all costs. Notice verse 15b, which says For the long hair was and is given to her instead of a covering. Thayers specifically mentions this verse as a place that should be translated instead of. I did a quick search and found this article on a website I often look at for textual variant information. You do not understand the context of Hebrews 4:12 at all. The letter of Scripture has been preserved, The Textus Receptus is Latin for Received Text, The Elzevir text is practically a reprint of the text of Beza 1565with about, Throughout Europe the Elzevir editions came to occupy a place of honor, and, 190 readings where the Authorized Version translators depart from Bezas Greek text, the translators of the King James Version did not follow exclusively any single printed edition of the New Testament in Greek, Erasmus adjusted the text in many places to correspond with readings found in the Vulgate, Byzantinetext, it differs in nearly 2000 readings from the standard form of that text-type, The AV [Authorized Version, i.e. Probably the most balanced view of the Vaticanus scribe is found in the quote below, in an article published to respond to someone claiming the Vaticanus Scribe made very few errors. Im not sure I would agree, but Im not sure Id disagree either. Those copies were copied, which were copied, which were copied, which were. Lift it up, be not afraid; The odds of all the scribes making the same error are extremely low. (Source for this quote is: Homer: The Origins and the Transmission, by Thomas W. Allen), 22. The case of using the Dead Sea Scrolls to modify the Masoretic text is no different. Is it possible that Jesus is talking about His prophecies in that chapter? The root of this is an error in translation, as well see in a moment. (Only 1:35 long, starting at about 0:53). This is based on the assumption that scribes will chose to copy good manuscripts over bad ones, and thus better readings will be in the majority over time. Byzantine type was the pauline and arabic diatessaron of the texttype, by them when he prayed more, version of alexandrian text is the. Is there not an element of faith in your critique? Remember, there was no dictionary in ancient times, and thus no defined right or wrong way to spell a word. Thats an average of 0.81 variants per verse between Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. PROF. JOHN WILLIAM WEVERS (1919-2010). More on that in a moment. The Textus Receptus - What is it? A reading combining two simple, alternative readings is later than the two readings comprising the combination. A womans long hair is the symbol of authority, and notice that feminists almost universally have short(er) hair. (her is supplied and not in the original but makes it clear that it is the womans head that the symbol is placed upon). There were already ten major periods of persecution of Christians before Nicea: One of the most ruthless of these persecutions was that of Diocletian in the early 4th century. An inspired Bible that was not preserved would be little more than a tainted book of history and moral lessons. Some lesser, non-salvation related doctrines are affected, but many of those are arcane topics that rarely if ever touch on the Christian life. However, in several dozen readings he notes that no printed Greek text corresponds to the English of the Authorized Version, which in these places derives directly from the Vulgate. 17. (Estienne was also known as Stephanus.) If the basis of your faith is the Westminster Confession of Faith, I would humbly suggest you move to a firmer foundation. Double for all her sins.. Psalms 100:5 (NASB): For the LORD is good, and His loving devotion endures forever; His faithfulness continues to all generations. Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have over 99% of all Textual Variants make no impact on meaning whatsoever. The Septuagint predates the earliest Masoretic text by centuries. Thank you. The Bibles authority is only as great as our confidence in its reliability. This also applies to manuscript families. Lets look at Isaiah 40:8 first. I know you cannot hear tone in a text reply, so I can only hope that you believe me when I say that Im not trying to be difficult with you or that Im angry at you. I see that you are emphasizing carefully the word perfect preservation of Scripture. The Septuagint was most probably translated by Origen in about 250 AD. While I do not pretend to know your heart motives, I firmly believe you are of the same nature as the Gray Questioner, and will have the same affect on good people who fall into the web of your communications. Erasmus also lacked a complete copy of the Book of Revelation and translated the last six verses back into Greek from the Latin Vulgate to finish his edition. Youre copying it down, Thank you for all of your hard work and youre opinion and your honesty! The two words textum and receptum were changed from the Latin accusative case (direct object) to the Latin nominative case (subject) to render it Textus Receptus. Do you know where I can find one for the NT? on the blue letter bible (blb) website, the interlinear tool lets you compare translations of the new testament (word by word) to either the textus receptus (tr) or the morphological greek new testament (mgnt); depending on whether or not the base greek text of the translation you're examining is the tr (king james/new king james) or the mgnt (Again, in that less than 1% where it matters) Notice they only tend to. Daniel B. Wallace says, Revelation was copied less often than any other book of the NT, and yet Irenaeus admits that it was already corrupted within just a few decades of the writing of the Apocalypse, Theres an argument to be made that the Alexandrian Text type was corrupted very early. Between these extremes, a medium or vulgate text exists. 10 Behold, the Lord God shall come with a strong hand, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. In reality, the distribution is never that perfect. i.e. . In the Textual Criticism of Homers works, we see excellent parallels with the New Testament, even so far as reproducing similar text types. Again, the Westcott & Hort Critical Text is the grandfather of nearly all modern Bibles, KJV and NKJV excepted. She also causes rejoicing among the angels of God who are obedient and submissive to the authority of God. Could it be that the vision was but a vision, and the glory of the Face but a reflection of the ardent hopes of youth? God certainly preserved the scriptures through the ages. I like the no copyright, but I wouldnt quote it or use it. However, the word Ive highlighted in red isnt plural (them); its singular (him). This created a need for Bible translations in people's native languages. We have an enormous number of copies, and if I was going to claim perfect preservation then I would need to pick one manuscript among the thousands that contains the text perfectly preserved. I challenge you to study this more in depth, and I think you will come to the conclusion that the 5,000 plus manuscripts that we have today from that period equal less than 1% of Bibles used by the church. Very helpful articles. And why would you casually dismiss the spiritual corruption of Wescott and Hort, claim their critical text is based on corrupt texts, and then support the NASB? However, the majority of these manuscripts are later than Alexandrian manuscripts. The faith perspective is the opposite. His translation can be purchased for about $10. The Majority Text and the Original Text: Are They Identical? Ive been studying on my own for quite sometime and read cover to cover various translations but could never understand the debate. Again, this is one of the longest articles on this website, but its so long because the topic is complex and our treatment of it fairly complete. The Tetragrammaton (over 6,800 times in the OT) will be rendered as Yahweh. However, proper context changes the sense radically. Has recent textual criticism increased our faith in God? Its not just the article itself where your humility is to be commended, but even in numerous responses that you gave to comments. Great work! Are you aware that the Received Text (Textus Receptus) is essentially a 16th century Critical Text? 18. In fact, the primary author/editor of the modern Critical Text (Kurt Aland) said this: B is by far the most significant of the uncials Kurt Aland, Source: The Text of the New Testament By Aland, (Note: Uncials is the plural of uncial, which refers to an all capital font. This is our sample text For she has received from the Lords hand Textual critics want us to believe it needed an overhauled. The Hebrew word there is (emeth), and it means: Nearly every translation (besides the KJV, NKJV, and NASB) translate it as faithfulness or something similar. Thats a ~1.4% variation, which is still fairly significant. Also, I agree 100% about computers and mobile devices. I currently bounce back and forth between the nkjv and the nasb 95. The Greek word kephal has two meanings: 1 (primary meaning) the part of the body called the head; 2 (symbolic meaning) the chief, master or lord. However important the early papyri, or a particular uncial, or a minuscule may be, there is no single manuscript or group or manuscripts that can be followed mechanically, even though certain combinations of witnesses may deserve a greater degree of confidence than others. More sharing options. However, dont trust the English there, look at the shorthand underneath the English words. Yes, thats the book for me, If you click the link, the footnotes are well worth reading, especially on is morally obligated because this translation nailed it. How should I cite it? However, their original work is still with us. I want to give the men knowledge without taking a side (although I certainly have my own preference). The first manuscripts were copied onto either papyrus (ancient paper) or parchment (animal skins). The Aland rules generally follow the Westcott & Hort rules with one major difference. . No matter which copy or version you pick (since we dont have the original) then what about before the copy came into existence? the KJV] was not translated from any one printed edition of the Greek text. I find the whole thing to be disconcerting, frankly. The individual words (plenary) have been preserved (Matthew 24:35; Psalm 12:6-7; I Peter 1:23). So no, this verse doesnt teach the Doctrine of Preservation. {Often used with other particles prefixed}[a primary particle]KJV: and besides, doubtless, at least, yet G1093 ge (ee') n.1. Now you have five copies in five different locations, but no original. They range in date from those made by the original scribes in the fourth century to ones made in the twelfth century. Forgive me, brave knight, if I desire some firmer ground than that. 5 Because of the devastation of the afflicted, because of the groaning of the needy, Lets back up to get some context. Behold, His reward is with Him, The reconstruction of a stemma of readings for each variant (the genealogical principle) is an extremely important device, because the reading which can most easily explain the derivation of the other forms is itself most likely the original. Even if two scribes (40%) did, the majority of scribes (60%) will have preserved the correct reading. The western part of Christendom stopped using Greek as their primary language in the mid-1st millennium. Thanks for your research! The NKJV is definitely closer and also the translation I would generally recommend. BUT, it is the expression of a very real concern for Sola Scriptura Christians where can I find the full, complete, and accurate words of God? d. Therefore, we will refer to the two lineages based on their origins: Antioch/Antiochian and Alexandria/Alexandrian. 3. Again, the odds of all those scribes making the same error is vanishingly low. I only touched on it where you mentioned, but thats one of those known unknowns that well probably never know for sure. which is every-thing in red. First, remember that the worst manuscript at the 5th generation has exactly and only 5 mistakes (one added every generation). By Bakershalfdozen July 14, 2008 in The Bible (KJV) Share More sharing options. Consequently, their New Testament relied heavily on the two earliest (nearly) complete manuscripts we have: Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus, which well look at in detail shortly, Since these were the two oldest (nearly) complete texts available at the time, Westcott & Hort gave them tremendous weight. He remembered the Vision in the Chapel of Voices, and the many times when that Vision had gleamed before him since, ever to sustain and cheer, even with the promise of the goal. It is a great Bible for reading and study too and i am thoroughly enjoying it. NASB95 and NKJV are the two translations that I recommend, see my article on Bible translations for more detailed info on why. But God is so rich in mercy, and he loved us so much, that even though we were dead because of our sins, he gave us life when he raised Christ from the dead. The Textus Receptus is not just the half-dozen manuscripts of Erasmus. I supplied the Greek out of our Latin version. Or at least, He would preserve a true version for His faithful followers. Thank you. I am very thankful to have found your work. If you were working from an NASB or NKJV, you might have some luck. Again, lets assume you were in charge of copying the New Testament with several manuscripts to choose from, say five. Next, well look at the three competing theories on how to handle the less-than-1% of places where the text of the New Testament isnt completely agreed up on. but this clause in red is This is also recorded in Mark 13:31 and Luke 21:33, but well look at the Matthew version because its more commonly cited. Again, well go back to Westcott & Hort because they did the original work that virtually all modern New Testament translations are based on. Thanks, I remember from your previous post you recommend the ESV. The Longer Ending of Mark (16:9-20); Was it Original or Added? In any case, there are no NT readings based on the critical text in the NKJVwell, maybe one that looked suspicious. Other translations render this correctly, and well add verse 5 for some context. In the second edition, he changed the title to Novum Testamentum omne, and used an additional manuscript for the compilation. While as, in the rest of the New Testament, it is largely Alexandrian. Was There a Scribal Preference to Copy Better Manuscripts? I believe, for English-speaking Christians, the one that has been used by God for the longest, the KJV, or received text. because the next line also . The Elzevirs might have thought it was without error (doubtful) but remember that all marketing is subject to hyperbole. (or which version of the TR if you mean the TR?). ( a symbol of and her are supplied and not in the original but states the obvious that the head covering is a symbol and that it is placed on the womans (her) head. PS: If possible please e-mail me unless I will get an email notification of a reply to this comment. Is this true? This is a well-known, well-documented scribal error, even having its own name. I am wondering about your opinion of Wilbur Pickering and his stand on Family 35. Your treating of the KJV reveals you have little concern for text and more concern for your understanding. As I said, the Lord promised to preserve the Word used by His true church. Among the existing manuscripts of the New Testament, there are three major divisions based on their content. Please remember, the original Greek texts were all capital letters, so the translators added the capitals. By an Alexandrian Church fathers own admission, manuscripts in Alexandria by 200 AD were already corrupt. Read simply, you can see how someone would get the Doctrine of preservation from this passage. (Majority Text advocates disagree, but well look at their objection later.) There are several. It seems likely from Tischendorfs description that only some worn out pages from Sinaiticus were going to be burned, but its hard to be sure. Thats definitely possible maybe even likely but by no means certain. See their intro to the NT here: http://www.katapi.org.uk/NEB/NT-Introduction-1970.pdf. In the Vulgate, we find over half of the Alexandrian readings. From those two options, we can create a list of four types of Textual Variant. Wow, if youve stayed to the end I congratulate you on your tenacity. Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) notes: In the Gospels alone, Vaticanus has 197 particular readings, while Sinaiticus has 443. Its butchered so badly that it almost doesnt even sound like the Bible in places. A vast number of early manuscripts were destroyed in the early persecutions of the Church. (Theres an article about these other books here on Berean Patriot entitled: The Bible: 66 books vs 73 and Why (the Apocrypha Explained).). The term Septuagint, meaning "seventy," actually refers to the seventy-two translatorssix from each tribe of Israelinvolved in translating the Pentateuch from Hebrew to Greek in the third-century BCE (seventy-two is rounded down to seventy, hence the Roman numeral LXX). He taught English on CBC TV 'Let's Speak English'. 4 Every valley shall be exalted In 1881, Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort published The New Testament in the Original Greek, which is the grandfather of the Greek Critical Text that most modern Bibles translate from. I dont have particular references for that other than reading quotes of his letters to that regard here and there. The context would determine which of the two meanings are to be used. I have gone back and forth myself on this issue. This page was last modified on 17 March 2016, at 05:24. I think how you can see how they get the Doctrine of Preservation, but it seems quite a stretch. However, youd like to keep a copy, so you hire a scribe to copy the letter before passing it on. Is this true? , No LXX The Fictitious Use of the So Called Septuagint, Dr Phil Stringer - The Truth About the LXX Septuagint, Trinitarian Bible Society The Septuagint: God's Blessing on Translation, Sinaiticus.Net - Exposing Codex Sinaiticus, 191 Variations in Scriveners 1881 Greek New Testament from Beza's 1598 Textus Receptus, List of Bible verses not included in the ESV, Revelation 16:5 and the Triadic Declaration - A defense of the reading of shalt be in the Authorized Version, http://textus-receptus.com/wiki/Septuagint. So yeah, its WAY more complicated than that article makes it seem. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. Textual Variants that are Meaningful, but not viable. And if older is better, then it follows logically that the two oldest manuscripts are the best. I should say that Im also extremely thankful that, unlike the masses throughout history, the average Joe (or Josephine) has access ready access to multiple versions and original texts. Eminent scholars such as E. C. Colwell, G. D. Kilpatrick, and Kurt and Barbara Aland maintained, respectively, that The overwhelming majority of readings, almost all variants, and practically all the substantive variants in the text of the New Testament existed before the year 200. They also discounted the entire Byzantine text type based on an assumption which has now been proved wrong. Believing (trusting) that His work of Calvary is sufficient payment for you as a sinner, and His Word is given for the direction of the repentant life. Im honestly not sure why its dismissed so easily. contains the word text The way I see it Jesus is the only 100% true word of God and I need to rely on His Holy Spirit to guide me every time I open the Bible. This is the second longest article on this website (after the one on Revelation), but thats because its extremely complete. It has often been stated by Majority Text advocates that good money pushes out bad, and the same principle can be applied to Textual Criticism. As a result, there are parts of Revelation in the KJV/NKJV not supported by a single Greek manuscript. Served as President of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies. Obviously some arent, but that article makes the differences sound much larger than they actually are. Thats much closer to an answer. No other early manuscript of the Christian Bible has been so extensively corrected, They range from the alteration of a single letter to the insertion of whole sentences, That gross blunder, whereby a clause is omitted because it happens to end in the same word as the clause preceding, occurs no less than, Vaticanus has 197 particular readings, while Sinaiticus has 443, together with theCodex Sinaiticus, as they have the same, are the only two manuscripts that share that characteristic, the differences among the manuscripts [of the Gospels] have become great. Therefore, ~130 pages were going to be burned. Also study the practice of the Muslims in burning countless Bibles as they advanced. Part 2 focuses more on the actual methodology. But the word of our God stands forever.. You must log in or register to reply here. They use these to translate all . Prepare the way of the Lord; And His arm shall rule for Him; Not perfect by any stretch,but very good. Now just taking this verse by itself, its easy to see the Doctrine of Preservation. Exactly. Again, Westcott and Hort were mistaken as nearly all major textual variants had appeared before the year 200. All saving knowledge is obtained from the Word of God, through the Holy Spirit (Romans 10:17; I Peter 1:23; John 17:17; John 1:1; John 1:11-14; John 20:31). Wow! To condense/paraphrase verses 9-10: woman was made for man, so she must be under male authority. Contextually, that makes perfect sense.
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