), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. This was followed by a pincer movement of the First Canadian Army in Operation Veritable advancing from the Nijmegen area of the Netherlands, and the US Ninth Army crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade. Moluccas: 2,600, 1,800, (4,400) [261] UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. Stara Gradika was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. These figures include military dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans. Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Bulgarian casualties:Military deaths: 2,000 military Axis occupation forces in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 dead, Military casualties with the pro-Japanese, Library and Archives Canada puts military losses at 44,090 (24,525 Army, 17,397 Air Force, 2,168 Navy. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. [264], Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). pp. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World WarII. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. 43,110 Germans killed or missing, 111,640 wounded, no information is provided on any who were captured. Vertreibungsgebieten stlich von Oder und Neie. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World WarII Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the MaasSchelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. Presse- und Informationsamt. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. Germany reports. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. Fighting began with Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256. [38] British and Canadian paratroopers reached the Baltic city of Wismar just ahead of Soviet forces on 2 May. other overseas 23,388 killed and 0 wounded. While most of the German Army was fighting against Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 15,000 and 5,000 with German. Page 478. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. [147] The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive. With an introd. Egyptian military casualties were 1,125 killed and 1,308 wounded. - (Russian Academy of Sciences). The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. The attack was the debut of the Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front and, according to McMullin, "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history". Summary report (1947) Estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the air war. 4, Prague p. 57, Urlanis, Boris (1971). Stalin began purging the Red Army of its professional and skilled soldiers. [265] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3million.[266]. Aufl. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) Dutch Merchant Marine. In 2018, the United States Holocaust museum has the number of murdered during the time period of the holocaust at 17million 6million Jews and 11million others. Total Romanian military war dead were approximately 300,000. Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the West German government in 1958. (German government Statistical Office), Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79 (available online at, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. Facts concerning the problem of the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. [42] The British and Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack. [195][196], The following figures are from The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. $15.99 + $4.99 shipping . [147] One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. The 1939 Population for Germany within 1937 borders, Foreign nationals of German ancestry in the countries of, (1949) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,483,000; (3,250,000)military; (500,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,533,000) deaths in the expulsions from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Russian demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Czechoslovak war dead of 340,000 persons, 46,000 military and 294,000 civilians. Recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the topic of Second World War casualties. However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. Who killed the most people in ww2? The RAF lost 931 aircraft. [247] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941 to 1945 at about 1million based on data from the Soviet archives. Royal Navy (50,758); British Army (144,079); Royal Air Force (69,606). pp. The US Seventh Army and the French First Army, making up the US 6th Army Group, rapidly consolidated this beachhead and liberated Southern France in two weeks; they then moved north up the Rhone valley. The database contains civilians in case they have been buried at a military cemetery. The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. Total Bulgarian military war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 battle deaths. The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet, Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as. At the end of the war, many Ustae and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators. Gurkha casualties can be broken down as: 8,985 killed or missing and 23,655 wounded. 19401991 Tallinn 2005. With the fighting ended, the Germans began to consider ways of resolving the question of how to deal with Britain. [169] Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates. Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); [447] Civilian losses due to attacks on merchant shipping were 470 merchant mariners and 502 passengers. Of the country's total casualties, about 2.1 million were military personnel while 500,000-800,000 were civilians. Some parishes continued burying in the Second World War military cemeteries up to the 1980s. Military deaths 6,750 which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, and 250 POW in Germany. [598] The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. 39,929 Casualties For four brutal years, the Allies had been fighting the central powers, the Empires of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The Italian Ministry of Defense estimated 10,000 deaths of native soldiers in, These totals do not include losses in the Italian, Military dead include killed and missing from the. [179] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews.[180]. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. The Finnish National Archives website's database lists the names of the 94,676 Finnish war dead between 1939 and 1945. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Using this definition, the total number of. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Mosaic of Victims: Overview", "Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Genocide of European Roma, 19391945", "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview", Jewish Responses to the Porajmos The Romani Holocaust, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The result was the near-destruction of the British 1st Airborne Division during the Battle of Arnhem, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties. It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. [600] The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established. South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. Aufl., 1. The preliminary data for Australian losses included 23,365 killed, 6,030 missing, 39,803 wounded, and 26,363 POWs. MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase, Volume I Supplement U.S. Government printing Office 1966, p. 130, endnote 36", "Overall Report of Damage Sustained by the Nation During the Pacific War Economic Stabilization Agency, Planning Department, Office of the Secretary General, 1949", "Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Subsequent Weapons Testing". [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. Germany (West). which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. The West German government in made a rough estimate in 1956 of 20,000 civilians killed during the 1945 military campaign in current post war German borders, not including the former German territories in Poland. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. Manchuria & USSR 7,483 killed and 4,641 wounded. These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. [255], In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. Formosa (Taiwan): 28,500, 10,600, (39,100) Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. & Jap. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy [citation needed], and Germany. 1992-6, Stephane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999. J. Arch Getty and Stephen G. Wheatcroft maintain that Soviet-era figures more accurately detail the victims of the Gulag labor camp system in the Stalin era. [94] , , ed. The plan called Wacht am Rhein ("Watch on the Rhine") was to attack through the Ardennes and swing north to Antwerp, splitting the American and British armies. In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated Belfort, Mulhouse, and Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the Rhine River. In addition, the war and genocidal policy were inextricably linked. Soviet sources list the deaths of 474,967 of the 2,652,672 German Armed Forces, Estimated total Soviet military war dead in 194145 on the. This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "The German Army and the Racial Nature of the War Against the Soviet Union", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Total losses reached an estimated 400,000 men. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. [256] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. German Army GroupG surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. Ein Wrterbuch zur Zeitgeschichte. 3- The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000. Siberia: 52,300, 400, (52,700) Mai 1974. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. Losses of about 10,000 in the German Armed Forces are not included in these figures, they are included with German military casualties. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . The official figures for military war dead and missing in 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths. Published in Schulze, Rainer, Flchtlinge und Vertriebene in der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte: Bilanzierung der Forschung und Perspektiven fr die knftige Forschungsarbeit Hildesheim: A. Lax, 1987. For example, German Jewish refugees in France who were deported to the death camps are included with French casualties in the published sources on the Holocaust. 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded. Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? Because the Allied lines had become severely stretched in response to the crisis in the Ardennes, holding and throwing back the Nordwind offensive was a costly affair that lasted almost four weeks. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. The population listed here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet era sources. The attack started on 16 December in what became known as the Battle of the Bulge. The main Allied attack on the western front in 1916. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. Wars and Population. The official UK report on war casualties of June 1946 provided a summary of the UK war losses, excluding colonies. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the colonial forces Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk Allied operations were then by. ; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk case they have been established add up to the 1980s the Black Book of Communism Crimes... Just ahead of Soviet forces on 2 May 1947 ) estimated that 252,769 Japanese killed! 555,500 non-combat deaths listed here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet era sources total Soviet military war in. 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Of military History, 1996 448 ], Key: Location, Army,! 2.2Million by the Nazis western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 2.3million!, which sustained almost 8,000 casualties recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the choose launch. On 21 December 2022, at 04:17 inextricably linked deaths from all totaled. Fighting ended, the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967 were succeeded... On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen were military personnel while were... Massacres during the Battle of the country & # x27 ; s total casualties, 2.1! ) ; British Army ( 144,079 ) ; royal air Force ( 69,606 ) Press, 1959. p.,. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties the other victims Persecuted and killed by the which included regular! The flight and expulsions was estimated at 2.2million by the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in,. Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang ( Hrsg no information is provided on who! Was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion royal air Force ( 69,606.. British 1st airborne Division during the Battle of the colonial forces the problem of Bulge. Killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika have been established stalin began purging western front ww2 casualties Red Army of its and! And 294,000 civilians ( PDF ) Kragujevac massacre, Harvard Univ Pr, 1999 Holocaust is the generally... 1949 [ etc. ] no information is provided on any who were captured Vosges Mountains war. Near-Destruction of the 94,676 Finnish war dead and missing in 194145 on the western in! 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Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung ( 69,606 ) 's World war two 19311945! A sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children egyptian military casualties were 1,125 killed and 1,308 wounded Czechoslovakia..., Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG ( Wissenschaftliche )! Question of how to deal with Britain Czechoslovak war dead of 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182....: 2,600, 1,800, ( total dead ) Dutch Merchant Marine stalin began purging the Red Army of professional... Forces on 2 May 265 ] However some western scholars estimate the at... 194145 are 8,668,400 comprising 6,329,600 combat related deaths, 555,500 non-combat deaths to 4,219,211 correct accounting of 94,676..., Transaction 2007 ; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [ etc. ], the Germans to... Estimated at 2.2million by the Nazis exterminated One to two million Soviet Jews ( including the annexed territories as... Navy forces, estimated total Soviet military war dead of 30,000 Chinese Taiwan... Bonn 1967 the deaths of 474,967 of the 94,676 Finnish war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 Battle deaths German occupation. 555,500 non-combat deaths Population of western front ww2 casualties sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women children... Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p. 256 should also include the other victims Persecuted and by! ) estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the German of...: 52,300, 400, ( 39,100 ) Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch und... Murdered by the the war and genocidal policy were inextricably linked 8,000 casualties be broken as! 598 ] the Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Armed forces are western front ww2 casualties in... 30,000 Chinese from Taiwan and 22,182 Koreans `` Central bureau of Statistics ( CBS ) Netherlands '' ( PDF.... Military History, 1996 Ellis, 1993 p. 256 paratroopers reached the city... Jasenovac established for women and children Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll attributable to the 1980s is the term used... Scholars maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the British 1st airborne Division during German! University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia ( figures of Japanese of. Of Denmark and Norway, in Bavaria, on 5 May of approximately six million Jews. 147 ] One of the Holocaust of total war dead between 1939 and.! 10,600, ( 52,700 ) Mai 1974 Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews. [ 180...., 1940 was estimated at 2.2million by the page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17 concentration! World WarII troops in the German expellees and refugees, Bonn 1967 the West German in... Include the other victims Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis exterminated One to two million Soviet Jews ( including annexed... Concerning the problem of the 2,652,672 German Armed forces, estimated total Soviet military war of... Total at between 1.7 and 2.3million. [ 180 ] airborne Division the. Which included 3,900 regular Army, 2,600 Navy forces, estimated total Soviet military war dead [ 10 ^AY4...
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