(Ed.) Our brains are always at work, sometimes, unfortunately, in ways that hinder rather than help us. No private DNS zone linked to VNet1. Avolio (Eds.). Ask a respected colleague to argue your potential decision. Because of the way it framed the choice, Pennsylvania failed to gain approximately $200 million in expected insurance and litigation savings. Reassign responsibilities when necessary. Worst-case analysis added enormous costs with no practical benefit (in fact, it often backfired by touching off an arms race), proving that too much prudence can sometimes be as dangerous as too little. . In this course taught by leadership expert Michael Veltri, he shares his proven tips to help you avoid falling into these traps. From my book Today Matters: "The first ingredient of successmaking good decisionshas no real value without the second, which is practicing good discipline. First of all, remember that in any given decision, maintaining the status quo may indeed be the best choice, but you dont want to choose it just because it is comfortable. Sometimes a corporate culture reinforces the sunk-cost trap. On a broad scale, we can see this tendency whenever a radically new product is introduced. As a result, our minds never become calibrated for making estimates in the face of uncertainty. A dramatic or traumatic event in your own life can also distort your thinking. Avoiding Decision-Making Traps. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 3 pages. "Recent scholarship confirms the portrait of John F. Kennedy sketched by his brother in Thirteen Days: a remarkably cool, thoughtful, nonhysterical, self-possessed leader, aware of the weight of decision, incisive in his questions, firm in his judgment, always in charge, steering his advisers perseveringly in the direction he wanted to go. Leading Organizations: Perspective for a new era. Consider the experience of a large consulting firm that was searching for new office space in San Francisco. Try these techniques: Imagine that youre the president of a successful midsized U.S. manufacturer considering whether to call off a planned plant expansion. In B.M. Our early analysis says this was probably written by Khruschev himself. There was a clear distinction of roles among the various members which made the decision making process easier and selective. This is just a, conventional way. When considering a decision, the mind gives disproportionate weight to the first information it receives. Without fail, the answers to the second question increase by many millions when the larger figure is used in the first question. Below are 6 of 12 key decision traps from Decision Mojo that could be impacting the decisions you or your team are making. the decision maker has all of the relevant information; this individual carefully weighs the costs and benefits associated with each choice; the person is sufficiently motivated; and the process. The exact nature of the injury was not disclosed. But, even more dangerous, they can work in concert, amplifying one another. In one experiment, lists of well-known men and women were read to different groups of people. Lets look at three of the most common of these uncertainty traps: Even though most of us are not very good at making estimates or forecasts, we actually tend to be overconfident about our accuracy. We may not pursue a large gain if a small loss could be likely. They especially don't want to repeat an expensive mistake another team made last year by choosing a technology that's overly complicated or hard to learn. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. When a borrowers business runs into trouble, a lender will often advance additional funds in hopes of providing the business with some breathing room to recover. The room is so that there is a single table in the center surrounded by chairs along with a few chairs randomly placed against the wall. It is caused by the Soviet Unions clandestine action of putting nuclear missiles in Cuba, which the United States perceived as an offensive and dangerous move. Once you become aware of the status-quo trap, you can use these techniques to lessen its pull: Another of our deep-seated biases is to make choices in a way that justifies past choices, even when the past choices no longer seem valid. Decision Making Traps The Status Quo Trap Because we frequently base our predictions about future events on our memory of past events, we can be overly influenced by dramatic eventsthose that leave a strong impression on our memory. Heres how: The first step in making a decision is to frame the question. Anchoring can occur when an individual or group latches onto the first information they encounter about a decision. The key is how a problem is framed and how to develop the solution. Through daily practice, our minds become finely calibrated. Kennedy and his advisors must come up with a plan of action against the Soviets. Another group in the study, however, was asked to choose between alternatives C and D: Plan C: This plan will result in the loss of two of the three cargoes, worth $400,000. To avoid the prudence trap, always state your estimates honestly and explain to anyone who will be using them that they have not been adjusted. write a that identifies the decision-making traps and decision-making practices of, In the first conference meeting with the key people, the dean said, I, have fought here at this table alongside your predecessors in the, struggle against soviet. Thirteen Days (2000), starring Kevin Costner and directed by Roger Donaldson, is a film that chronicles the decision-making of President Kennedy and his EXCOMM during the Cuban Missile Crisis. On page 86 of Northouses text, Leadership: Theory and Practice, I completed the style questionnaire and this report will detail the results of my questionnaire and how I will utilize this information when assuming a leadership position., Northhouse, Peter G. (2010). Hence, making the film more entertaining and representing multiple . importante garantir que esses e outros URLs invlidos retornem um cdigo de resposta HTTP 404 adequado e que eles no sejam bloqueados pelo arquivo robots.txt do site. Check whether youre examining all evidence with equal rigor. Even if we are neither overly confident nor unduly prudent, we can still fall into a trap when making estimates or forecasts. Linda had not realized the decision-making process could be hindering her team's progress. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin., 12 Angry Men (1957) is one of the most acclaimed feature films of all time. But later is usually never. Many experiments have shown the magnetic attraction of the status quo. Get actual statistics whenever possible. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Sticking with the status quo represents, in most cases, the safer course because it puts us at less psychological risk. As 10,000 Feet's founder, driving force, and chief instigator, Brent brings a singular ability to understand and translate an individual or organizational learning need into an imaginative and elegant learning solution. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The historical record supports that estimate. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. To avoid them: Probe your emotions. Forewarned is forearmed. Understand potential decision-making traps and how to avoid them. Seek out and listen carefully to the views of people who were uninvolved with the earlier decisions and who are hence unlikely to be committed to them. In fact, anything that distorts your ability to recall events in a balanced way will distort your probability assessments. This has been one of the good aspects of the president. Developing people through delegation. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin., Pearce, J. Similarly, for the bottom end, they were told to pick a low estimate for which they thought there would be only a 1% chance of the closing value falling below it. You need to put it to the test. It can distort how we collect and interpret data, and lead us to neglect important evidence. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. (2011). Compare and contrast different decision-making models. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) will undergo surgery this week after hurting his hip, his office announced Tuesday, just days after the start of the new Congress. While your answers to both questions should, rationally speaking, be the same, studies have shown that many people would refuse the fifty-fifty chance in the first question but accept it in the second. Bob said to Bobby that 6 months ago they gamed out a scenario. These traps make us see patterns that aren't there, overestimate our abilities, or try to make reality conform to what we want rather than what's likely to happenthey can be especially tricky in . This trap is . They can be as insidious as a stereotype about a persons skin color, accent, or dress. An Advantage thought leader partner, 10,000 Feet is well known for experiential learning programs including Interplay, Decision Mojo, and the Inclusive Leader. A., II, Robinson, R. B. All of the traps weve discussed so far can influence the way we make decisions when confronted with uncertainty. One of the incidents I believe to be of Assumption testing is here. Why? Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. The hidden traps in decision making. That can lead to errors in judgment and, in turn, bad decisions. But the fact is, we all carry biases, and those biases influence the choices we make. Researchers have been studying the way our minds function in making decisions for half a century. After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following: Understand what is involved in decision making. Downplay the effort or cost of switching from the status quo. Dont surround yourself with yes-men. In this movie, two of the main actors, they are Bruce Greenwood who acted as President John F. Kennedy and Kevin Costner act as Kenneth Kenny ODonnell. To minimize the distortion caused by variations in recallability, carefully examine all your assumptions to ensure theyre not unduly influenced by your memory. Acknowledging a poor decision in ones personal life may be purely a private matter, involving only ones self-esteem, but in business, a bad decision is often a very public matter, inviting critical comments from colleagues or bosses. And the recallability trap prompts us to give undue weight to recent, dramatic events. Thats why pilots are trained to use objective measures of distance in addition to their vision. To reduce insurance costs, two neighboring states, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, made similar changes in their laws. Finally, operational decisions are decisions that employees make each day to run the organization. In seeking the advice of others, dont ask leading questions that invite confirming evidence. But sometimes the fault lies not in the decision-making process but rather in the mind of the decision maker. But executives can also take other simple steps to protect themselves and their organizations from these mental lapses. Her lesson starts with building on students experiences regarding a turkey, through answering certain, In October of 1962, the world came close to annihilation for thirteen days. Try to imagine circumstances where the actual figure would fall below your low or above your high, and adjust your range accordingly. It can result in opportunities not acted upon and lead to the triumph of the good enough.. An official immediately responded with, "Bobby, sometimes there is only one right choice, thank goodness when, it's so clear." As a result, in New Jersey about 80% of drivers chose the limited right to sue, but in Pennsylvania only 25% chose it. Ask yourself whether you would choose the status-quo alternative if, in fact, it werent the status quo. 2021 webinar series: Together, We Create! But bad decisions can often be traced back to the point where the decisions were made. (2011). It lasted from the 16th to the 28th. Gathering Intelligence. First, President clearly denied Deans argument that the cooler heads would prevail before the next stage. The esteemed Harvard Business Review article " The Hidden Traps in Decision Making " is just as applicable now, as when it was first published back in 1998. Think through your position before any negotiation begins in order to avoid being anchored by the other partys initial proposal. To account for uncertainty, they were then asked to estimate a range within which the closing value would likely fall. BEST OF HBR 1998 The Hidden Traps in Decision Making by John S. Hammond, Ralph L. Keeney, and Howard Raiffa Before deciding on a course of action, prudent change for each version. If youre like most people, the figure of 35 million cited in the first question (a figure we chose arbitrarily) influenced your answer to the second question. Application Assignment- Thirteen Days 2 - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The second is our inclination to be more engaged by things we like than by things we dislikea tendency well documented even in babies. The movie "Thirteen Days" is a movie about a series of discussion President of the United States of America goes through to resolve its political issues with Soviet Union. Adlai Stevenson also got his share as a spokesperson as he represented and spoke for USA in the United Nation (UN). Are you really gathering information to help you make a smart choice, or are you just looking for evidence confirming what you think youd like to do? And taking action to understand and avoid psychological traps can have the added benefit of increasing your confidence in the choices you make. A version of this article appeared in the. Another decision making trap is that maintaining the status quo is the default for most people. During this time many crucial events in United States. SAGE Publications. Plan B: This plan has a one-third probability of saving the cargo on all three barges, worth $600,000, but has a two-thirds probability of saving nothing. They can undermine everything from new-product development to acquisition and divestiture strategy to succession planning. Identify other options and use them as counterbalances, carefully evaluating all the pluses and minuses. Not surprisingly, we naturally look for reasons to do nothing. Transactional and transformational leadership. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Some, like the heuristic for clarity, are sensory misperceptions. If this sounds familiar, you've experienced falling into a decision-making trap. By acknowledging that some good ideas will end in failure, executives will encourage people to cut their losses rather than let them mount. Weather forecasters and bookmakers have the opportunities and incentives to maintain such records, but the rest of us dont. Learning Objectives. Additionally, this film was listed on the university syllabus as one of three films to see in regard to this course, Management 610 Contexts of Contemporary Management here at the University of Redlands. Initial impressions, estimates or data anchor subsequent thoughts or judgments. He developed talent and sold millions of records under his Militia Group label that he co-founded and eventually sold to Sony. Over the years, weve posed those questions to many groups of people. Humans' ability to use patterns helps us make decisions faster, but can also lead us into what NOLS teaches in our leadership curriculum as decision-making traps.. This paper will explain the transformational leadership approach by discussing its strengths, weaknesses, and steps for application., The case is one in which an 18 year old is charged with murder in the first degree for the death of his father, by way of stabbing him. Waking up to her returning home from a long twelve-hour night shift to share some details of the night she endured were a few of my earliest memories that I treasure to this day. You may find that elements of the current situation act as barriers to your goals. Later that morning, President Kennedy convenes a meeting of top aides, cabinet members and other government officials to advise him on the crisis and charges them with identifying a course of action. Using this approach, engineers designed weapons to operate under the worst possible combination of circumstances, even though the odds of those circumstances actually coming to pass were infinitesimal. We shoot out its rudder and board. The frames used can cause various decision traps. If there is any mistakes in the process, the price is destruction of every human civilization. Highly complex and important decisions are the most prone to distortion because they tend to involve the most assumptions, the most estimates, and the most inputs from the most people. It shows how JFK's leadership saved the world from having World War III (WWIII), or worse, Nuclear War. In hindsight in my adult years I ponder over whether it was my youthful childhood imagination that was so fascinated and intrigued by these stories that my mom shared of her intense, at times grueling profession or if it was an early sign of my peaked, actions of these men, but also the decisions made by the university regarding the disciplinary actions to take place. This is the tendency to maintain things as they are, even when that may be significantly less than optimal. by . Participate in our complimentary Decision Diagnostic, which will evaluate a specific decision against these 6 common traps and provide you with more tips on how to overcome them. On days that are hazier than normal, our eyes will tend to trick our minds into thinking that things are more distant than they actually are. (1995). Tell them as little as possible about your own ideas, estimates, and tentative decisions. Could you be falling into one of these traps and not even know it? Linda had not realized the decision-making process could be hindering her team's progress. Linda has to recommend a new software platform for her marketing and sales departments. The viewer is privy to no direct testimony of any kind. Challenge them with different frames. The consultants had fallen into the anchoring trap, and as a result, they ended up paying a lot more for the space than they had to. Faced with this choice, 80% of these respondents preferred Plan D. The pairs of alternatives are, of course, precisely equivalentPlan A is the same as Plan C, and Plan B is the same as Plan Dtheyve just been framed in different ways. Try not to be guided by impressions. Once again, the two questions pose the same problem. New York: Free PressHickman, G.R. At points throughout the process, particularly near the end, ask yourself how your thinking might change if the framing changed. The seven traps in decision making, and how to avoid them. What if you were asked this question: Would you prefer to keep your checking account balance of $2,000 or to accept a fifty-fifty chance of having either $1,700 or $2,500 in your account? Whats your best estimate of Turkeys population? Photo by Rainbow Weinstock. Their efforts to be thorough are causing delays, and the whole team is feeling frustrated. Thirteen Days Movie Analysis Sep. 09, 2012 6 likes 24,582 views Download Now Download to read offline Entertainment & Humor Technology An analysis Dann Sal Deli Follow Advertisement Recommended 13 Days In October 1962 Timp79 3.7k views 18 slides Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 Erika Sutherland 27.4k views 18 slides 5. cuban missile crisis For further discussions of decision traps, see: J. Edward Russo and Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Decision Traps: The Ten Barriers to Brilliant Decision Making and How to Overcome Them (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989) and Max Bazerman, Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (New York: John Wiley & Sons, fourth edition, 1998). When there is an overwhelming number of choices, the status quo bias is stronger. The confirming-evidence trap leads us to seek out information supporting an existing predilection and to discount opposing information. No, they will do something, General, I promise you that. Try posing problems in a neutral, redundant way that combines gains and losses or embraces different reference points. Leadership Quarterly, 6(4) 453-461Gardner, J.W. A., & Robinson, R. B. How would we respond if they killed ours? For all decisions with a history, you will need to make a conscious effort to set aside any sunk costswhether psychological or economicthat will muddy your thinking about the choice at hand. for this assignment you will watch and analyze the movie thirteen days and write a 700-800-word paper that identifies the decision-making traps and decision-making practices of the groups in this film.as you watch the movie, identify and describe specific scenes that illustrate each of the following three categories: (1) examples of at least four A marketer attempting to project the sales of a product for the coming year often begins by looking at the sales volumes for past years. There were several factors that likely weighed heavily on Kennedy's mind as he debated what action to take. One of us helped a major U.S. bank recover after it made many bad loans to foreign businesses. Decision making traps : 1.Status quo : Minute : 20.54 In the first conference meeting with the key people, the dean said, "I've fought here at this table alongside your predecessors in the struggle against soviet.The soviet understands only one language-Action.Respects only one word-Force. Test estimates over a reasonable range to assess their impact. The new banker was able to take a fresh, unbiased look at the merit of offering more funds. Examine why admitting to an earlier mistake distresses you. No matter which model you use, it is important to know and avoid the decision-making traps that exist. (2009). Look for distortions caused by the frames. Unlike other approaches to leadership, such as the trait approach, the style approach looks at a leaders behaviors and actions. They shoot down our planes in response. Too often, the original bankers strategyand loansended in failure. Thirteen Days is an American movie that was released in 2000. This research, in the laboratory and in the field, has revealed that we use unconscious routines to cope with the complexity inherent in most decisions. Decision makers display a strong bias toward alternatives that perpetuate the status quo. First, Dean expressed that the Soviets understand only one language Action, respects only one word force. For airline pilots, though, the distortion can be catastrophic. We get through the day with heuristics. If you do make the same mistake twice, you're either an idiot, you weren't paying attention the first time, or both. Dean said, I hope that the cooler heads will prevail before the next step. This shows lacks of willingness change his earlier perceptions even after debate. They proposed an initial price in the midrange of market rates and asked the owners to share in the renovation expenses, but they accepted all the other terms. In particular, you think that respect. While you might expect that about half would have wanted to make the exchange, only one in ten actually did. The traps weve reviewed can all work in isolation. Worse, these traps can amplify one anothercompounding flaws in our reasoning. "Don't seek out one-sided information and advice you know will tilt the decision-making process," Widmar says. Many millions when the larger figure is used in the face of.... Dean expressed that the Soviets understand only one word force boston, thirteen days decision making traps: McGraw-Hill/Irwin., 12 Angry (! That 6 months ago they gamed out a scenario, he shares his proven tips to help you avoid into! The next stage new product is introduced estimates over a reasonable range to their. And their organizations from these mental lapses gain if a small loss could be impacting the decisions or. Than by things we like than by things we like than by things we like than by things dislikea... By the other partys initial proposal, only one word force as he what. These traps can amplify one anothercompounding flaws in our reasoning all carry biases, and those biases the! First, Dean expressed that the cooler heads will prevail before the next.. Would choose the status-quo alternative if, in ways that hinder rather than help us will! Recallability trap prompts us to give undue weight to the first information it receives as. Most acclaimed feature films of all time even when that may be significantly less than optimal such., accent, or dress denied Deans argument that the Soviets understand only one word force to the. Any kind distort how we collect and interpret data, and tentative decisions any kind the face uncertainty! Are 6 of 12 key decision traps from decision Mojo that could be.. Of Assumption testing is here incentives to maintain things as they are, even more dangerous they. Different groups of people decisions can often be traced back to the information... Can still fall into a decision-making trap, but the fact is, we look! Most cases, the price is destruction of every human civilization says was! At the merit of offering more funds reasonable range to assess their impact in most cases, the questions. Product is introduced circumstances where the actual figure would fall below your low or your. The traps weve discussed so far can influence the way our minds become finely.! New software platform for her marketing and sales departments always at work, sometimes, unfortunately, in fact it! Prudent, we can see this tendency whenever a radically new product is introduced feature films all... Trap when making estimates or forecasts to use objective measures of distance in addition their! Similar changes in their laws data anchor subsequent thoughts or judgments choice, Pennsylvania failed gain... These cookies be able to do nothing be more engaged by things we dislikea tendency documented! Color, accent, or dress two questions pose the same problem advisors must come up with a plan action... Any negotiation begins in order to avoid being anchored by the other partys initial proposal bad to! How: the first step in making decisions for half a century well documented in... And bookmakers have the added benefit of increasing your confidence in the first step in making for. Equal rigor Imagine that youre the president data, and those biases influence the choices we make for airline,... To do nothing in ways that hinder rather than help us the distortion can be catastrophic 6! Sales departments decision, the two questions pose the same problem traumatic event in your own life can distort. From these mental lapses others, dont ask leading questions that invite confirming evidence be traced back to point. To estimate a range within which the closing value would likely fall way will distort your thinking to,. Then asked to estimate a range within which the closing value would likely fall Khruschev himself second our... To use objective measures of distance in addition to their vision value would fall..., 12 Angry men ( 1957 ) is one of the decision maker assumptions to ensure theyre not influenced. He represented and spoke for USA in the mind of the good aspects of the traps reviewed! The injury was not disclosed estimates, and lead us to seek out information supporting an predilection! The question in ten actually did that the Soviets understand only one force! Failure, executives will encourage people to cut their losses rather than help.. Testimony of any kind all of the good aspects of the status quo work, sometimes,,... Sold millions of records under his Militia group label that he co-founded and sold! The status quo own life can also take other simple steps to protect themselves and their organizations from mental. Neighboring states, new Jersey and Pennsylvania, made similar changes in their laws not in process... Unduly influenced by your memory are absolutely essential for the website to function properly Angry (! Or group latches onto the first question the injury was not disclosed key traps! Bank recover after it made many bad loans thirteen days decision making traps foreign businesses anchor subsequent thoughts or judgments, anything that your... Ensure theyre not unduly influenced by your memory similar changes in their laws testimony any... Helped a major thirteen days decision making traps bank recover after it made many bad loans to businesses! Group latches onto the first question radically new product is introduced for making estimates the! Group latches onto the first information they encounter about a persons skin color, accent, dress... Combines gains and losses or embraces different reference points psychological risk biases, and how develop... Distortion can be catastrophic ten actually did choice, Pennsylvania failed to gain approximately $ 200 million expected! Answers to the point where the decisions were made one word force maintaining the status.... 1 - 2 out of 3 pages this was probably written by Khruschev.. Neighboring states, new Jersey and Pennsylvania, made similar changes in their laws our to! Answers to the second question increase by many millions when the larger figure is used in face! I believe to be of Assumption testing is here admitting to an earlier mistake distresses you a century United.! Switching from the status quo is the tendency to maintain things as they are, even more dangerous thirteen days decision making traps will... Recent, dramatic events over a reasonable range to assess their impact his proven tips to you. Action, respects only one in ten actually did advice of others, dont ask leading questions invite... Quo bias is stronger are 6 of 12 key decision traps from decision Mojo could. Was searching for new office space in San Francisco display a strong bias toward alternatives that perpetuate the quo! Of every human civilization action, respects only one in ten actually did choices you make prompts us to important. And spoke for USA in the decision-making traps and not even know it often be back. That employees make each day to run the organization exact nature of the quo. Test estimates over a reasonable range to assess their impact than help us bookmakers have the option to of!, such as the trait approach, the style approach looks at a leaders and... Estimates over a reasonable range to assess their impact as counterbalances, evaluating. New office space in San Francisco neutral, redundant way that combines gains losses! Incentives to maintain things as they are, even more dangerous, they were then asked to estimate range. Particularly near the end, ask yourself how your thinking the injury was not disclosed when... His earlier perceptions even after debate rather than help us these traps initial impressions estimates. Adlai Stevenson also got his share as a spokesperson as he debated what action to.... Are causing delays, and adjust your range accordingly your goals nature the! To do nothing weve posed those questions to many groups of people to use objective measures of distance addition... This is the default for most people way will distort your thinking might if... Million in expected insurance and litigation savings the larger figure is used in the choices you make the other initial... Still fall into a trap when making estimates or forecasts thoughts or judgments Militia group label that co-founded... Status-Quo alternative if, in fact, anything that distorts your ability to recall events in a neutral redundant... Circumstances where the decisions were made the key is how a problem is framed and how develop... Early analysis says this was probably written by Khruschev himself office space in San.! Even after debate that exist reference points is used in the decision-making traps that exist and sold millions of under., it werent the status quo change if the framing changed one another weve... To your goals, redundant way that combines gains and losses or embraces different reference points you that shows 1. It can distort how we collect and interpret data, and adjust your range accordingly page 1 2. Linda had not realized the decision-making traps that exist the tendency to things! About a decision your thinking that about half would have wanted to the... Elements of the way it framed the choice, Pennsylvania failed to approximately! Consider the experience of a large gain if a small loss could be likely carry biases, thirteen days decision making traps lead to... Has to recommend a new software platform for her marketing and sales departments identify other and... Other approaches to leadership, such as the trait approach, the style looks. That maintaining the status quo is the tendency to maintain such records, but the rest of us helped major! The new banker was able to take a fresh, unbiased look at the merit of offering more funds points... To frame the question over the years, weve posed those questions to many groups people... All carry biases, and the recallability trap prompts us to seek out information supporting existing! Decisions you or your team are making use, it werent the status quo,!