Sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups are heavily influenced by the offence mix; a major factor in determining sentencing outcomes. Give detailed and full explanations as to why the revisions were necessary. Ethnicity facts and figures. A contributing factor to the long ACSL for Asian offenders is due to the high proportions of Class A drug related offences. This was a higher proportion than any other ethnic group, for example, only 10% of arrests of White suspects were for drug offences. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. These research outputs are not official statistics. As such, analysis which relies on the 2011 Census data has not been included. Figure 9.04: Proportion of staff and practitioners in CJS organisations by ethnicity[footnote 99], latest year and 2016 or 2017, England and Wales. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. In 2020/21, White suspects accounted for 76% of arrests, 10% were for Black suspects, 8% were for Asian suspects, 4% were for Mixed ethnicity suspects and 2% were for Other ethnicity suspects. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. This section focuses on the following high-volume indictable drug offences: The proportion of police officers from minority ethnic groups has increased from 6.3% to 7.6% between 2017 and 2021[footnote 95]. Relative Rate Index (RRI) analysis for individuals dealt with at Crown Court in 2020 showed that defendants of Chinese or Other ethnic group were 28% more likely, Black defendants 23% more likely, defendants of Mixed ethnicities 19% more likely and Asian defendants 4% more likely to be remanded in custody than White defendants (Table 5.15). The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. Of children, 4 to 6% were reported as being victims in Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. The greatest difference was observed in the Asian ethnic group, where controlling for offence mix resulted in a 19% decrease in ACSL, from 28.6 to 23.1 months. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. In contrast, 85% of prisoners aged 50 or over were White. Similar to trends in adults, children from the Asian ethnic group (3%) were significantly less likely to be victim of personal crime than those from the White ethnic group (7%). The ethnic profile of practitioners in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has become slightly more diverse over the last 5 years. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion of White offenders persistently absent was significantly higher than the proportion of Black offenders, both for custody for 12 months or less (by 7pp) and for more than 12 months (by 11pp). Of all defendants who entered a plea at Crown Court for sexual offences, 94% entered a guilty plea in 2020 . 9% of White people aged 75 and over feared crime, compared with 27% of Asian people in the same age group. To allow users to assess the confidence they have in the data we are using, levels of missing or unreported ethnicity are reported throughout. In the last 5 years, the numbers of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen for all ethnic groups, however, the proportion of children from Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups has increased collectively from 33% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. This was largely because people from these ethnic groups made up a disproportionate share of people arrested, and this carried through to the . As reported in other research, the young people used ideas about origin, race and ethnicity in loose and shifting ways (Back; Butcher). A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). , The Rehabilitation Activity Requirement was introduced in 2014 under the Offender Rehabilitation Act and requires the offender to attend appointments and participate in activities selected by their responsible officer to support their rehabilitation and reduce reoffending. (FBI Table 21 Arrests by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 / archive) 2016 FBI Violent Crime Statistics The data for this section is available in the Arrests open data tables published by Home Office. in the year ending March 2020, 13% of people aged 16 and over said they had been the victim of a crime at least once in the last year. If we look at the FBI statistics for violent crimes we can see that whites committed 241,063 of the 408,873 violent crimes, which is 58% of the total. , A first-time offender is an offender who has been arrested by the police in England and Wales and has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence recorded on the Police National Computer. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. Where ethnicity is known[footnote 23], the total number of stop and searches increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.3 and Table CH2c)[footnote 77]. Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. In 2020, a higher proportion of prosecutions of Black and Mixed defendants were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% of White defendants[footnote 63]. In 2020, 41% of drug offence prosecutions of Black defendants were for possession of a Class B drug (cannabis). In the 2011 Census the proportion in each ethnic group was as follows: 87% White, 3% Black, 6% Asian, 2% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of suspects who were stopped and searched remained relatively stable across most ethnic groups, with a slight decrease in those from the Black ethnic group (21% to 17%). The arrest rate in England and Wales for white people was nine arrests per 1,000 people in the reporting year 2021/22 while black people . Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. 1. Within this update we committed to better addressing inequalities in victimisation and highlighting those groups in society that are at most risk of experiencing crime. Of offenders receiving either type of order, 84% were White, 6% Black, 5% Asian, 3% Mixed ethnic groups and 1% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Read this article. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. All estimates from the CSEW are for the year ending March 2020 and were therefore minimally affected by lockdown restrictions[footnote 10]. , Ethnicity was recorded for 96.5% of offenders supervised on post-release licence in 2020. Stop and search rate per 1,000 people, and number of stop and search incidents, by ethnicity. Figure 8.04: Proportion of prosecutions for selected drug offences, by ethnicity, 2020, England and Wales. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. Figure 4.01: Numbers of stop and searches by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/17 to 2020/21, Comparisons between London and the rest of England and Wales. In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . Figure 6.05: Requirements commenced under community orders and suspended sentence orders by ethnicity and requirement, England and Wales, 2020. This has remained relatively stable across the past 5 years and across ethnic groups. For this reason, comparisons over time for the Asian and Other ethnic group should be made with caution. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical reports. This was followed by defendants from the Chinese or Other ethnic groups (16%), Asian defendants (14%), Mixed defendants (12%) and White defendants (12%). , Data from 2019/20 for the Asian (or Asian British) ethnic group includes people who identify as Chinese. The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. An infographic is published alongside this report to provide visualisations of key messages. The reoffending rate was highest for children across all ethnic groups compared to adults. A higher custody rate, however, was seen in the Chinese or Other group (36%). , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16; please see A Technical Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System, 2020 for further details. Proportion of sentence served is affected by factors such as offence mix and behaviour in prison. In 2020, 59% of Asian child offenders had no previous offender history, compared to 50% for White, 47% for Black and 57% for Chinese or Other children. Findings from a data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 70]. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. See table 6.02 for all proportions of determinate sentences served. The largest proportion of crime higher workload is for offences which can be tried either before the magistrates court or the Crown Court, at 50% overall where ethnicity is known in 2020 and ranged between 46% and 52% when broken down by ethnic group. Where changes to data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends have been presented for the longest periods possible. in year ending March 2021, there were 124,091 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales; of which there were 92,052 race hate crimes, 6,377 religious hate crimes, 18,596 sexual . There were 46,265 offences in the 12 months to the end of March this year . These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. And I must say this is a thoroughly depressing trend, as the last time I updated this it was '6 times' more likely, so the disproportion in stop . This is a key statistics relevant to the A-level Sociology crime and deviance module. Police Activity. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Criminal legal aid can be split into two categories, crime higher and crime lower[footnote 48]. The number of prosecutions for drug offences has decreased by 15% in the past 5 years. Above National Average. Mixed ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches in which the outcome was linked (25%) compared to all other ethnic groups, these ranged from 21% to 22%. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as white people - there were 29 arrests for every 1,000 black people, and 9 arrests for every 1,000 white people. subcultural. Women and the Criminal Justice System and Race and the Criminal Justice System; The Women and Race reports are compendium publications, each bringing together a wide range of statistics related to the criminal justice system, broken down by sex and by ethnicity. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 percentage points across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. Where ethnicity was recorded in the data, for all young offenders sentenced or cautioned, over half were eligible for FSM: White (57%), Black (66%), Asian (59%), and Other (68%). Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. 2,574 White, 355 Black, 296 Asian, 226 Mixed and 107 prisoners from Other ethnic groups completed the questionnaires. Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. Of defendants prosecuted for sexual offences at Crown Court, Black defendants were more likely to be remanded in custody. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. This decrease was also significant for White (down 44%), Black (down 80%) and Asian (down 67%) children, in isolation. Sharp and Budd (2005) pointed out that the O ffending, Crime and Justice survey of 2003, conducted . The largest difference was observed in the Black ethnic group, which saw a 3 percentage point difference between custody rate and controlled custody rate, at 33% and 36% respectively. It is the Ministry of Justices responsibility to maintain compliance with the standards expected for National Statistics. These decreases are mainly due to court restrictions as a result of COVID-19^59]. Magistrates: Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of practitioners from minority ethnic groups has increased, leading to a decrease in the proportion of White practitioners, by 2.4 pp mainly driven by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.3 pp) and Black (0.8) ethnic groups[footnote 98]. Further information on the following topics related to offender management are available online: Safety in Custody, Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. In contrast, despite White prisoners making up 73% of the entire prison population, only 47% of prisoners aged under 18 were White. , For more information, see Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. he highest proportion for Class B drugs (28% in 2020). there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. The British Crime Survey found that most crimes go unreported and found that the risk of being a victim varies by ethnic group, whereby statistics showed that people from mixed ethnic backgrounds had a higher risk (36%) of becoming a victim of rime than blacks, Asians and whites faced. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. RRI analysis shows that defendants from Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were not significantly more or less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody compared to White defendants, and Black and Asian defendants were 6% and 4% less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in comparison with White defendants respectively. Black and Mixed ethnicity prisoners were disproportionately represented across all younger age groups, making up 21% and 8% respectively of all prisoners aged under 25. , Personal crime includes violence, robbery, theft from the person and other theft of personal property excluding fraud and computer misuse. of the official crime statistics without question (i.e. For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. It is important to note that for the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. 735 754-19 947-212. Despite the large decrease in . The most recent figures in this publication show the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on criminal court prosecutions and outcomes following guidance and restrictions since March 2020. This number does not include offences such as speeding. Educational attainment of all young offenders was lowest for the White ethnic group and highest for the Other ethnic group. A higher proportion of prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported experiencing a type of bullying/victimisation from staff in the prisons, at 46% for Black and Mixed prisoners, 44% for Asian, and 43% for prisoners of Other ethnic groups, compared to 30% of White prisoners. For all ethnicities, drugs were the most common reason for searches that resulted in an arrest after a stop and search, accounting for 57% of resultant arrests for White suspects, 59% for Black suspects, 69% for Asian suspects, 60% for Mixed suspects and 54% for Other suspects. In relation to crime and deviance, sociologists are interested in the apparently significant differential incidence of criminality and victimhood among the various ethnicities. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. In 2007, following the fatal shooting of three non-White teenage boys in south London, Prime . This section looks at the Pre-Sentence Reports (PSRs) received and the agreement (concordance) between recommendations made in PSRs and sentences issued at court, and whether they differ between ethnic groups. Across the past 5 years, White defendants have consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, compared to Black defendants at 66%. Since 2016, White defendants have had a consistently lower average custodial sentence length (ACSL) than other ethnic groups. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. There was a greater number of male than female homicide victims in all ethnic groups. Similar proportions were seen across ethnic groups, ranging from 72% for Black defendants to 78% for White defendants. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. In the three-year period 2017/18[footnote 13] to 2019/20, there were 1,951[footnote 14] homicides in the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 15], where ethnicity of the victim was recorded. SW1H 9AJ. The ACSL for Asian children was 20.6 months, 18.2 months for Black children and 18 months for Chinese or Other children. Violence against the person offences have accounted for the largest proportion of total arrests (where ethnicity is known) since 2017/18, at 42% in 2020/21. 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