The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 The seeds were thus sown for the dramatic growth of the army in generations to come. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. Frederick William was fully determined to use Swedish ignorance to his advantage. [4] In 1666 his title to Cleves, Jlich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. Trudging through the mud created by a blinding rainstorm, they reached the towns gates at midnight. The "Great Elector" enjoyed less success, however, in his efforts to, Hohenzollern grasp, despite the initiation of two wars, the second of which was derisively nick-named. The wealthy Dutch, needing allies badly, were only too willing to accommodate him, agreeing to pay for half the 20,000-man Brandenburger army. In 1668 he The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. Beginning in 1356, each ruler of Brandenburg had been one of seven electors who chose the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, dominated by the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. kk2-,-k}$d/'y32I=E4gV29gsw 9cSGg(CO kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf The elector was perhaps happier with Dorothea, who was more willing to join him in hunting and drinking than was Louise Henrietta. was the chief architect of Elizabeth, Peter the Great's daughter. The Great Elector weakened the powers of the Junkers. Knowing that success relied entirely upon the element of surprise, he prepared to move with great speed and accordingly decided to advance with only his cavalry and as many infantry as could be loaded onto available wagons. Many of the refugees were professionals and skilled artisans. Waldemar had no choice but to attackonly now he would be forced to make an exposed uphill charge. Already the Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon the Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel to move. was written by Charles IV so his daughter, Maria, could inherit the throne. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General. The Ottomans lost in 1697. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Elector" sorted by relevance. This time it cost the life of Frederick Williams own son, Carl Emil. were a nomadic tribe. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfrst: one built in 1875 and the other built in 1913. The Swedish incursion gave him an excellent excuse to leave behind his worthless allies along the Rhine and win martial glory for himself. New York: Longman, 2001. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr ussia (Profiles In Power) Be the first to write a review. His master of stables, Emanuel Froben, was struck down, supposedly on account of his riding Frederick Williams gray horse (an exchange in mounts having been made to help ensure the electors safety). By the end of the Thirty Years War he understood that his power depended upon having a standing army, and at the height of the war against the Dutch his army totaled forty-five thousand. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. When a French army attacked Holland, initiating the Franco-Dutch War, Frederick William was quick to pledge his support to the Dutch Republic. Louis, by contrast, was overjoyed to see one of his enemies accepting French supremacy, and he quickly agreed to the electors offer of peace. was the son and successor of Frederick I who disliked the French and got rid of most of its luxury and used the saved money to strengthen Prussia by doubling the size of its army and making it the most efficient fighting force in Europe. As in his previous campaign, Bournonville, despite being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive. New York: Longman, 2001. In the seventeenth century, there was little German nationalism, and localism reigned supreme. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. were members of the highest rank of Russian feudal society. Despite having to traverse the formidable Thuringian Forest, which was still relatively barren of supplies after the devastation of the Thirty Years War, the Brandenburgers moved rapidly, covering nearly 200 miles in 20 days. Aware that Fehrbellin was the only suitable place to cross the marshes, Derfflinger knew exactly which route the younger Wrangel would take. Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. Although it had made a profound statement, Brandenburg remained a minor continental player, still subject to the whims of the larger powers. When the Holy Roman Empire declared war on France (Reichskrieg), Brandenburg-Prussia again changed sides and joined the imperial forces. was Conflict caused by the rival claims for the dominions of the Habsburg family. He had argued convincingly that Sweden was in desperate need of cash and that if it failed to declare itself with France and make a grab for funds, then its hated rival, Denmark, would do so in its place. At the monthly meeting of cheese connoisseurs, members are known to _____ for hours about perfect cheese blends or the merits of certain aging techniques. It was Christmas Day, 1674. reigned from 1019-1054. Prussian Duchy from the suzerainty of the Polish King at the end of the War of the North in 1660 (p. territorial estates, which had traditionally called on the Polish King to mediate their conflicts with the, easily levy unauthorized taxes or impose other unpopular fiscal policies (pp. proclaimed the Pragmatic Sanction. The charter he granted to the BAC stipulated that they could establish a colony in West Africa, which was subsequently named the Brandenburger Gold Coast. Victory promised unprecedented growth, while defeat nearly ensured that Brandenburg would remain a minor entity no greater than many others spread out across Germany. In his half-century reign, 16401688, the Great Elector transformed the small remote state of Prussia into a great power by augmenting and integrating the Hohenzollern family possessions in northern Germany and Prussia. In the summer of 1675, Swedish troops led by Marshal Karl Wrangel invaded the German principality of Brandenburg. Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. Very fast delivery, good seller! They stayed in and increased power through election and marriage. [kw]Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector (1640-1688) [kw]Great Elector, Reign of Frederick William, the (1640-1688) [kw]Frederick William, the Great Elector, Reign of (1640-1688) Government and politics;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Expansion and land acquisition;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Germany;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Poland;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Frederick William, the Great Elector. In 1675, he defeated the invading Swedes at the Battle of Fehrbellin, Fehrbellin, Battle of (1675) winning for himself the title of the great elector, later the title of a biography by Samuel von Pufendorf, one of his advisers. He gave the Junkers exclusive right to be officers in his army. This was exactly what Frederick William had expected; he was already ordering his victorious cavalry forward to cut off the Swedish retreat. Brandenburg was well on its way to forming an army that eventually would pose a challenge to any opponent. No one can be great, or good, or happy except through the inward efforts of themselves. Christianity is an old metaphysical fiction, stuffed with fables, contradictions Without a strong maritime presence in the Baltic, Swedens army in Germany was cut off, giving Frederick William a decided advantage. was a family dominated politics in German states. As always First Class professional service throughout. Swedens subsequent military success against its neighbors allowed the Swedish kingdom to expand still further. Derfflinger opposed the strategy, arguing that his horsemen were too exhausted from the march and the assault on Rathenow, but the elector, backed by Prince Friedrich, overruled him, stressing the need for a decisive campaign. He had married Louise Henrietta Louise Henrietta , princess of Orange and daughter of the Dutch stadtholder William of Orange (later King William III William III (king of England) ), partially for religious reasonsthe Dutch were Calvinistbut also to get Dutch support for his territorial claims to the small principalities of Julich-Berg. Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198; Frederick II, Duke of Austria (12191246), last Duke of Austria from the Babenberg dynasty; Frederick the Fair (Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg), 12861330), Duke of Austria and King of the Romans; Baden Before the death of Charles VI, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him. Refresh your browser window to try again. That bequest was annulled under his successor. is a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700 that emphasizes dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. However, it was never big enough to allow him to conduct independent foreign Continue Reading Check Writing Quality You May Also Find These Documents Helpful The alliance of Sweden and France had checked the swelling power of the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years War. Frederick William also faced opposition from the estates, or parliaments, of the various Hohenzollern lands. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. The electors men would not be disappointed. The elector entered the war for the second time as enthusiastically as he had the first, proudly declaring that he had arrived to teach kings the respect they ought to have for electors of the Empire. As it turned out, the elector was once again overly optimistic. Frederick William was overwhelmed with dismay. Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. Settling into winter quarters at the end of 1674, the spirits of the Brandenburgers and their ruler were all but crushed. Perhaps your interest in this region's Civil War history first led you to make Frederick County your destination. By the second half of 1674, however, a combination of logistical difficulties and French pressure made an undesired war with Brandenburg increasingly likely. Waldemar found the bridge smoldering yet still very much intact. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). After his wife died, he began to rule harshly. Join historians and history buffs alike with our Unlimited Digital Access pass to every military history article ever published (over 3,000 articles) in Sovereigns military history magazines. Frederick the Great. Frederick William, the Great Elector, Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud, Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Is Found to Be Overage, Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. On July 1, 1674, Frederick William officially rejoined the coalition against France, marching back toward the Rhine with 16,000 men. In contrast to the religious disputes that distrupted the internal affairs of other European states, Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from the policy of religious tolerance adopted by Frederick William. Something went wrong. Derek McKay's erudite yet concise biography avoids the, hagiography of Frederick William's later admirers and offers instead a compelling account of how the, ruler earned this epithet. He issued the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, granting asylum to Huguenots expelled from France. Taxation;Brandenburg On occasion, he simply authorized the seizure of taxes without the consent of the estates. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. He took title of Czar and adopted Byzantine court rituals. Even the elector was largely motivated by dynastic rather than nationalistic considerations. The larger of these states, Sweden, already possessed a strong tradition as a French ally. With the help of French subsidies, he built up an army to defend the country. Only so far as a man believes strongly, mightily, can he act cheerfully, or do anything that is worth doing. Despite the new pact, the electors position was still perilous. For this plan to work out, Poland-Lithuania had to first conclude her war against the Ottoman Empire, which French diplomacy despite great efforts failed to achieve. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. A. expunge, B. collate, C. extol, D. prate E. impute. However, when Louis XIV of France concluded the Dutch War by the Nijmegen treaties, he marched his armies east to relieve his Swedish ally, and forced Frederick William to basically return to the status quo ante bellum by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. Initially, Friedrichs cavalry was successful in pushing the defenders back, but the Swedes fought back tenaciously and quickly brought the offensive to a halt. was a battle in the Northern War. Unfortunately for Brandenburg, its gains would not reflect its military success. But Frederick William had no intention of meekly accepting defeat. Representing local elites of landowners and merchants, the several estates opposed increasing taxes to fund the military and diplomatic ambitions of the elector, particularly if those taxes were to be spent elsewhere than where they were raised. Leopold I successfully repel them from taking the city. Frederick the Great. The elector begged his Austrian ally to advance against Henri Turenne, the great French general leading the enemy forces in Westphalia, but Montecuccoli refused to budge. They reached the hills summit and captured the Brandenburger artillery. He was religiously tolerant. That miracle was about to occur. When Frederick William succeeded his father, George William George William , as the elector of Brandenburg in 1640, he faced a host of challenges. In the end, it was a risk the Dutch had to take, and they agreed to once again partially subsidize Brandenburgs army. This in itself is rare. Contrary to appearances, Montecuccoli was highly upset by his orders. Just to be certain, however, Frederick William forged a nonaggression pact with the Swedes before plunging again into war with France. Only through constant expansion could it manage to protect itself, but with a pacific-minded government in place to watch over the youthful king, conquest was not an option. They were loosely confederate, but conquered the Kievan stat in 13th century. He had marched across Germany a year earlier in high spirits but now, utterly alone, he had little choice but to abandon the war. He introduced permanent taxation. He introduced to the country a code of laws. Brandenburg now possessed an officer corps that was tied to the interests of the state rather than functioning merely as a group of mercenaries concerned with their own careers and financial gain. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. Complete the following sentences by choosing the word that best fits the context, based on information you infer from the use of the italicized word. His goal was to make Prussia a powerful military state with an independent economy. That year, the opportunity to both acquire such subsidies and test the new army in action fell into Frederick Williams lap. The Book of Disquiet: The Complete Edition by Fernando Pessoa (#165873554872), Kos 1 : 60 000 by Road Ekdoseis AE (#165794082746), - The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr. Meanwhile, the electors bravery had inspired his men, and the Brandenburgers began to drive back the Swedes. Unlike the elector, Leopold was intimidated by French arms and had little interest in rescuing the beleaguered Dutch. suspicion I Updates? The Peace of Westphalia Westphalia, Peace of (1648) ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, and although the Calvinists in the empire were guaranteed religious toleration, Frederick Williams territorial gains were minimal. Under the great elector and his successors, notably kings Frederick William I (r. 1713-1740) and Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786), the Junker class became, in essence, servants of the state, particularly in the military and civil bureaucracies. Generally, Frederick William was more successful upon building up the infrastructure of his lands than in promoting prosperous industries, but unlike his eighteenth century successors, he had little interest in developing an educational system. Famous quotes containing the words dutch and/or wars: Paradise endangered: garden snakes and mice are appearing in the shadowy corners of Dutch Old Master paintings. Given the grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative. $13.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-582-49482-4. By the year of the electors death, the military bureaucracy dominated the government. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always Furthermore, Sobieski was opposed by the Papacy, by Polish gentry who saw the Ottomans as the greater threat, and by Polish magnates bribed by Berlin and Vienna. It had few outside possessions and almost no influence aside from its status as an electorate of the empire. Frederick William, still en route, ordered the prince to await his arrival, but the prince was impatient and, determining the Swedes to be on their last legs, ordered an immediate attack through the pouring rain. Charles was the last of all of the Habsburg males. He was wrong. Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. Quantity: 2 available. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. WebLocated less than one hour from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Gettysburg, the city of Frederick, Maryland is surrounded by mountain views, wineries, orchards and vibrant Main Street communities. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. With great fury the attackers swarmed inside the town, catching the vast majority of the Swedes asleep in their beds. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. challenges. He was dead set on retreating across the bridge, no matter what. His economic endeavors failed to transform Brandenburg-Prussia. But the prospect of facing the indomitable French war machine alone was daunting. The timing for the war was ideal. When his father died in 1640, Frederick inherited his titles. Rather than exploit his victory with an immediate counterattack, he ordered his troops to stay put. He even secretly informed Louis that he would keep the Austrian army behind the Rhine. He cautiously maintained neutrality between the warring Swedes and Habsburgs, started to build a standing army, and added to his territories with the Peace of Westphalia (1648). By 1678, Frederick William had cleared Swedish Pomerania and occupied most of it, with the exception of Rgen which was held by DenmarkNorway. The elder Wrangel commanded in the north, while Waldemar led the Swedish troops in Alt-Brandenburg. Upon hearing of the unexpected attack, the Wrangel brothers, shocked by the surprise, incorrectly estimated the number of Rathenows assailants. Spindell was first appointed He restricted imports through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries. Frederick William celebrated his driving off the Swedes, while Waldemar insisted that his bloody charges had delayed the enemy long enough to save the bulk of his force. Protestantism;Brandenburg. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg To which House did Elector Frederick William belong? Frederick William, known as the Great Elector, 162088, elector of Brandenburg (164088), son and successor of George William. France promised assistance and subsidies, while Sobieski in turn allowed French recruitment in Poland-Lithuania and promised to aid Hungarian rebel forces who were to distract the Habsburgs from their war against France. In 1672, when Louis launched a war of conquest against the Dutch Republic, two very different states were forced to make that difficult choice. The largest disaster, however, occurred that winter at Turkheim, where Turenne launched a surprise attack against an allied force now suffering acutely from food and supply shortages caused directly by its idleness. [3], In 1672, Frederick William joined the Franco-Dutch War as an ally of the Dutch Republic, led by his nephew William of Orange but made peace with France in the June 1673 Treaty of Vossem. During the Thirty Years' War, George William strove to maintain, with a minimal army, a delicate balance between the Protestant and Catholic forces fighting throughout the Holy Roman Empire. {n-1y. The "Great Elector" started a counter-offensive, pursuing the retreating Swedish forces through Swedish Pomerania. Historians compare him to his contemporaries such as Louis XIV of France (16431715), Peter the Great (16821725) of Russia, and Charles XI of Sweden (16601697). Instead, the emperors chosen general claimed that his troops were exhausted, an utterly preposterous assertion given the complete inertia of the army during the preceding weeks. Since 1415, the Hohenzollerns Hohenzollerns had been the ruling family of Brandenburg Brandenburg , a small state in northern Germany, that was relatively poor in resources. The remainder of the army would follow and catch up when it could. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. What impact did Egyptian religious beliefs have on the lives of Egyptians? Below is the article summary. Michael Romanov was crown tsar to end the Time of Troubles. Despite being a lover of war, Charles XI was not eager to comply with the French demand. Incensed by the betrayal, he vowed to fight the French alone, but when Louis dispatched an army toward Brandenburg, Frederick William conceded. He introduced permanent taxation. Brandenburg was a poor territory in the northeast corner of the Holy Roman Empire. The Hohenzollerns, who were Protestant Calvinists, were unpopular among the majority Protestant Lutheran population. Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. It has been said by a certain general, that the first object in the establishment of an army The Austrians signed for peace soon after. The way to push things through to a finish effectively must be learned. WebFrederick is the home of Riverside Research Park, a large biomedical research park located on Frederick's east side. 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