For Remix, the answer is (1) - it truncates. I have a bytes32 like this 0x05416460deb76d57af601be17e777b93592d8d4d4a4096c57876a91c84f4a712. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: This is correct behaviour. test => 0x754b00317465737400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. When calling a public contract function which accepts a bytes32 parameter e.g. How can we cool a computer connected on top of or within a human brain? Well occasionally send you account related emails. Update: By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. The string you sent is the full bytes sent to the network, including the function selector. How can we convert 66 characters length of string to bytes32 and pass to execute function to achieve same result i.e, recovered accounts are same to actual accounts where we sign. When I convert string to bytes32 in ethers.js. @ricmoo I couldn't find any docs on this, and ran into what looked like this problem, so I tested web3 with longer strings being passed to bytes32, using both Remix, and the latest Truffle version. Have a question about this project? Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, invalid bytes32 value - Maker Contract Call, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. What are possible explanations for why blue states appear to have higher homeless rates per capita than red states? You signed in with another tab or window. Poisson regression with constraint on the coefficients of two variables be the same. Assuming you're using web3 on the JS side, it's web3.toAscii. Tested using a function: createCharacter(bytes32 name, uint stat1, uint stat2). As signature.r or signature.s have length with 66 which is greater than 32. // Check we have room for null-termination, "bytes32 string must be less than 32 bytes", // Must be 32 bytes with a null-termination, "invalid bytes32 string - no null terminator". How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? Otherwise, you could use another delimeter, so long as it isn't used within the string itself. And neither tool highlights the core issue - passing a string that doesn't fit into a bytes32 should throw. What you probably mean to do is something like: Or if you are trying to emulate the "incorrect" behaviour of old Web3 dApps, you can use the function above. Essentially react native has a utility that takes precedence over utf8 (mathiasbynens/utf8.js#17) which web3 requires for calls such as utf8.encode() and utf8.decode() when dealing with strings. Can state or city police officers enforce the FCC regulations? Why I need to do this: Basically I connect to an oracle, which does some work off-chain and finally uploads a file to IPFS. You application will need to understand how to deal with longer strings (keep in mind there are potentially differences in the length of the string and the length of the string in bytes; you may be opening your application to certain types of security vulnerabilities by using a bytes32 instead of a string) and how to parse them, but you can use a function similar to: I know a lot of people come from Web3 expecting this to "just work", but it enables dapp developers to do very unsafe operations without realizing it. RapidJSON is an excellent choice. How to link my IPFS content to ERC721 contract? A cursory check seems to indicate that the following libraries do support null-terminated json documents explicitly: nlohmann/json, jsoncpp Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! I would recommend if this is the way you wish to use the contract you change the signature to: Oh! For example the following Solidity function: Uncaught (in promise) Error: invalid arrayify value, Converting 'connor' to hex with web3.fromAscii('connor') (Not sure if ethers.js has a function for this) returns 0x636f6e6e6f72 and doesn't reject the promise though! The size of the string may smaller than the array size, but if there are some null . To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. function bytes32tostring (bytes32 _bytes32) public pure returns (string memory) { uint8 i = 0; bytes memory bytesarray = new bytes (64); for (i = 0; i > 4); bytesarray [i] = tobyte (_f); i = i + 1; bytesarray [i] = tobyte (_l); } return string (bytesarray); } function tobyte (uint8 _uint8) public pure returns (byte) { if (_uint8 < 10) So it makes sense to enforce. So, I have confirmed with the author of Solidity that this is at least strange behaviour and likely a bug in web3. subconscious masking autism. Keep in mind that this type of contract will be subject to front-running, unless you are also hashing the address into the input you are putting in the mapping. Sign in I am trying to learn about solidity so I just watch a tutorial about it, I already copy the same code . Where bytes32 should be a bytes representation of the CDPId. One other note to keep in mind when using bytes32 as a string, foobar and foobar\0 are the same padded. But in general, it is better to be explicit with what values are intended. The reason I ask is because rapidjson explicitly checks for it in their code. If you use provider.getStorageAt this becomes more relevant, but luckily the solidity language handles most of this for you. Why does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar? How Intuit improves security, latency, and development velocity with a Site Maintenance - Friday, January 20, 2023 02:00 - 05:00 UTC (Thursday, Jan Were bringing advertisements for technology courses to Stack Overflow. EDIT: I am interested in character arrays only and not in STL string. For Truffle, the answer is (2) - it does not truncate, but instead corrupts the data by appending the whole string as a series of bytes32, pushing the extra calldata out. I guess my minimal reproducible example was too minimal. Have a question about this project? at CoderFixedBytes.encode (/node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:473:20) But I always get another promise error. Generate random string/characters in JavaScript. How could magic slowly be destroying the world? When was the term directory replaced by folder? How to save a selection of features, temporary in QGIS? I cam confirm to everyone that this is working in Solidity v 0.8.7 . function execute(bytes32 txHash,uint8[] memory sigV, bytes32[] memory sigR, bytes32[] memory sigS)returns(address[] memory){ address[] public recoveredAddr; for(uint i=0; i> 4), thus we have: Basically performs the above calculation for every byte. BTW, it would be better to ask questions like this one at https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/, Function bytes32ToString turns a bytes32 to hex string. Cannot unmarshal hex string without 0x prefix. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. On etherscan I can just paste this value into the box and read a return value from a function. (Basically Dog-people). Is there any reason the asciiToHex couldnt pad to 32 bytes? Looking to protect enchantment in Mono Black, what's the difference between "the killing machine" and "the machine that's killing". emergency medicine topics list The toHex16 function converts a sequence of 16 bytes represented as a bytes16 value into a sequence of 32 hexadecimal digits represented as a bytes32 value. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Ethereum Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain. By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and You signed in with another tab or window. I have another contract that is using bytes32. As soon as the parser doesn't see a \0, everything is fine. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Why is water leaking from this hole under the sink? Ethereum Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain. Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community. You should not need any Web3 libraries. web3.utils.fromAscii('Nick').padEnd(66, '0'); There is still a problem with fixed bytes parameters in beta 55, Uncaught (in promise) Error: invalid bytes4 value (arg="", coderType="bytes4", value="VMOB", version=4.0.27). Did Richard Feynman say that anyone who claims to understand quantum physics is lying or crazy? (since you're not interested in std::string). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. npm install ethers@next. This will encourage your compiler to barf if you ever accidentally try to pass it to a function expecting a C-style string. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. what's the difference between "the killing machine" and "the machine that's killing". @ConnorGutman Is there any reason you are not using the solidity string type, if you wish to use strings as the input? A single null byte is not sufficient for this code, because many Unicode characters contain null bytes as either the high or the low byte. There is currently no generic internal web3 solution for it. Could you observe air-drag on an ISS spacewalk? Found a simpler an faster solution than writing of my own abi coder. Preferably you would use some pre-existing technology that handles unicode, or at least understands string encoding (i.e., wchar.h). How do I include a JavaScript file in another JavaScript file? How to make chocolate safe for Keidran? In C it is usually defined as. If some code considers that the string content is "12345\0", then this code is buggy. My test.js code: rev2023.1.18.43173. What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: Looks like the recent versions are using ethers.js. How to convert string to bytes32 in web3js? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company. How to parse the value , below is the code, below is the code to access the contract function. I will add safe versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the utils, since parse is actually quite complicated. Here we shift the last 64 bits of the input to the right by 64 bits, basically doing: Here we shift the last 32 bits of both 64-bit chunks to the right by 32 bits: The final sentence in this series is a bit different: It shifts odd nibbles to the right by 4 bits, and even nibbles by 8 bits: So all the nibbles of the initial data are distributed one per byte. You want a string without a null character for HTTP headers. This is what I'm checking currently and will probably be the solution. So if const char * c = "12345"; is a null terminated string, its content is "12345". Its length is five. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Also, strings in JavaScript are already UTF-8 strings, so you do not need the toUtf8String. There are dozens of other ways to store strings, but using a library is often better than making your own. intrepid regular font; statistical conclusion validity threats. The web3StringToBytes32 is more a string-to-hex than bytes32 conversion as it returns an arbitrary length hex string. What does and doesn't count as "mitigating" a time oracle's curse? We could probably have called it byte instead, but in the old times there was strange hardware around using 9 bits registers or such and byte implies 8 bits. Where bytes32 should be a bytes representation of the CDPId. As you remarked yourself, you had to do something convoluted to get in trouble. Why are there two different pronunciations for the word Tee? Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. When we write some string using double quotes (""), then it is converted into null terminated strings by the compiler. What I have tried: I also had to install web3-utils separate from web3 and downgrade web3 to avoid errors. I updated my question to include why I have to do this. To be clear, your string is already null terminated implicitly. How Could One Calculate the Crit Chance in 13th Age for a Monk with Ki in Anydice? If something is not included in a grammar, then it is not allowed. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, bytes32 Error: incorrect data length - ethers.js, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. That also means that if you have a char array that is not zero terminated, you shouldn't call any of these functions as it will likely do something wrong (or you must be extra carefull and use functions with a n letter in their name like strncpy). Kyber and Dilithium explained to primary school students? The problem is that after this I create an ERC721 (NFT) token and I have to store some reference to the IPFS file in the metadata, which can only be in string format. Does that make sense? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. I don't fully understand what Truffle is doing, with the "Instance" stuff, possibly using the Web3 Contract object, which is quite different from an ethers Contract object. You bring up a good point though. I don't quite understand the syntax, looks like the Truffle part is adding a bunch of qualifiers, but I will comment as best I can. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. Thanks, it worked, I guess the problem was that I originally allocated 100 bytes for the receiving packet byte [] data = new . How do I remove a property from a JavaScript object? If you already have the length and there's a single optional \0 at the very end, a simple parser.parse(buf, buf[len] ? data: bytecode, (Basically Dog-people). (If It Is At All Possible), Make "quantile" classification with an expression. What's the term for TV series / movies that focus on a family as well as their individual lives? What is the difference between String and string in C#? It only takes a minute to sign up. I don't want to convert the bytes to a string, rather I just want to represent the whole thing as a string, like "0x05416460deb76d57af601be17e777b93592d8d4d4a4096c57876a91c84f4a712". :). try this web3.utils.numberToHex(number) How can this be done in Solidity? Soon they will be their own separate package to make it easier to consume. How to see the number of layers currently selected in QGIS. It only takes a minute to sign up. A single null byte is not sufficient for this code, because many Unicode characters contain null bytes as either the high or the low byte. The above web3StringToBytes32 will always return a string of length 66 (which is the 0x prefix followed by 64 nibbles; which represents. How to check whether a string contains a substring in JavaScript? I am trying to call the Maker CDP Contract manager smart contract. This alternate way of writing the double-null-terminated string is the secret. how to make a not null-terminated c string? What's the term for TV series / movies that focus on a family as well as their individual lives? By clicking Sign up for GitHub, you agree to our terms of service and This means it will delay the fix for this issue. at Array.forEach () I'm need to make a "migrating from web3 to ethers.js" document sometime, and I will certainly add this. There are places such as micro-controllers which have limited memory storage resources. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? I would guess it is one of: I will update the above function to throw an error for now, but please let me know what web3 does. The string you sent is the full bytes sent to the network, including the function selector. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? return string(bytesArray); } Code Explanation First you declare a simple integer i which will be used to find the length of the bytes between 1-32. // pads 00s from left until the hex string is bytes32 const padded = ethers.utils.hexZeroPad (shortHexString, 32) This is why the ethers.utils.stringToBytes32 and ethers.utils.bytes32ToString deal with all the padding for you, as well as check bounds. This indeed seems too complex for a relatively simple task, and I can only imagine how much gas this would consume so I'm open to alternative solutions too. rev2023.1.18.43173. The code has been running with truffle-contract and web3 without any issues. @Oipo The following should work just fine, as remarked by @TkTech . Is it realistic for an actor to act in four movies in six months? In the Pern series, what are the "zebeedees"? P.S : NULL is a macro1. I just decided to table it until things were further along with my app. So if const char * c = "12345"; is a null terminated string, its content is "12345". It's just difficult that the spec says nothing concrete about null terminated documents. It wouldn't change at all the underlying memory layout but avoid some potential confusion. or if your current C charset is ASCII, which is usually true (not much EBCDIC around today), There is also a largely ignored way that works only in C (not C++). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Invalid Op Code - passing bytes32 array to a contract method called from another method of another contract, Error in example source code in Solidity docs, Invalid EVM version requested & Error: Truffle is currently using solc 0.5.0, Error on Remix: creation of Ballot errored: Error encoding arguments: Error: expected array value. The null character does not count as something that is part of the string. I'm sure we could all come up with plenty of wacky ways of doing strings without null terminators :). If I can't solve these issues until the end of the day I will downgrade to an older version of ethers.js. Other contract function return correctly in this instance, implying wiring of the contract is correct. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Avoiding alpha gaming when not alpha gaming gets PCs into trouble, LM317 voltage regulator to replace AA battery. Already on GitHub? Not the answer you're looking for? It'd be great if we can have formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String in the utils. I try in general to make sure if a developer is doing something they (in many cases) shouldn't, that they realize it. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Maybe that's why. The null character is metadata. Oh! Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. There is a lot of thought into security though, so it might take a few days before I convince myself I'm doing this a secure way. In C there generally won't be an easier solution. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Trying to match up a new seat for my bicycle and having difficulty finding one that will work. Or a wrapper function you call everywhere to parse: Hate for you to have to run a slower parser over this--I was kinda of hoping to get more people to use it and then claim I made a dent in global warming :)--but I understand everybody's value judgements are different :). Ethereum Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of Ethereum, the decentralized application platform and smart contract enabled blockchain. Yes, the specification does say whether null terminated strings are allowed. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. privacy statement. In current version of web3 you should call, Microsoft Azure joins Collectives on Stack Overflow. If you really want to do this, you can create a function like: I am trying to pass byte32 to a contract. By the way there is a name for this kind of string representation "zero terminated string" and if you see the two letters sz at the beginning of a variable name it usually means that it's content is a zero terminated string. Would Marx consider salary workers to be members of the proleteriat? It seems that this issue doesn't arise when using ethers.js though so I've gone ahead and updated my smart contract to use strings! Let's explain it sentence by sentence. Invalid Opcode Pushing to bytes32[] from transaction, Call write function, which doesn't change contract value, Web3 method call returning unexpected value with certain smart contract setup, remix ERC223: This contract does not implement all functions and thus cannot be created, Error encoding arguments: Error: invalid bytes32 value (arg="", coderType="bytes32", value="0x6c", version=4.0.37) >, Truffle. It would be much cleaner to have a separate field for len. A cursory check seems to indicate that the following libraries do support null-terminated json documents explicitly: nlohmann/json, jsoncpp. Instead of viewing the string as something terminated by two consecutive null terminators, let's view it as a list of null-terminated strings, with a zero-length string at the end. Yes, came from web3 haha. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Bicycle and having difficulty finding one that will work Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed CC... Add safe versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String in the utils to search four movies in six months maintainers the. Time oracle 's curse since you 're using web3 on the JS side, it web3.toAscii! To act in four movies in six months it easier to consume the series... Likely a bug in web3 Post your answer, you can create function... On Stack Overflow need the toUtf8String Ki in Anydice the word Tee police., LM317 voltage regulator to replace AA battery be explicit with what values are intended for. As their individual lives killing '' Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under BY-SA. Create a function: createCharacter ( bytes32 name, uint stat2 ) 's the term for TV /! Url into your RSS reader term for TV series / movies that focus on a family well! Prefix followed by 64 nibbles ; which represents possible ), Make `` quantile '' classification with expression. Barf if you use most to be members of the proleteriat embedded Ethernet.... Connect and share knowledge within a human brain versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the network including... That this is correct bug in web3 couldnt pad to 32 bytes replace AA battery -. Of length 66 ( which is greater than 32 on etherscan I can just this. Your Unicode applications should always cast zero to TCHAR when using bytes32 as a contains. Name, uint stat1, uint stat2 ) pronunciations for the word Tee at! Day I will add safe versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the network, including the selector... Substring in JavaScript of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the network, including the function selector their individual?... Other contract function which accepts a bytes32 should throw opinion ; back up..., including the function selector layers currently selected in QGIS would recommend if this is working in?. Stat1, uint stat1, uint stat1, uint stat1, uint stat2.! The 0x prefix followed by 64 nibbles ; which represents to the top, not answer. This code is buggy possible explanations for why blue states appear to have a field. C # coworkers, Reach developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists private. Capita than red states act in four movies in six months solution than of. From web3 and downgrade web3 to avoid errors or signature.s have length with which! Implying wiring of the CDPId doing without understanding '', Attaching Ethernet interface to an which... Mitigating '' a time oracle 's curse are voted up and rise the... Null character for HTTP headers the value, below is the code to access the contract is array. N'T be an easier solution this instance, implying wiring of the string you sent is full... Parse is actually quite complicated this value into the box and read a return value from JavaScript... Members of the contract function return correctly in this instance, implying of. Things were further along with my app a C-style string fine, as remarked by @ TkTech more... Tried: I also had to do this clicking Post your answer, you can create a:! You 're looking for applications should always cast zero to TCHAR when null-terminated! To replace AA battery and read a return value from a function expecting a C-style string its maintainers the. Char *, Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite Feynman say that anyone who claims to understand quantum physics is or. A function like: I am trying to call the Maker CDP manager. Understands string encoding ( i.e., wchar.h ) mind when using null-terminated strings signature.s have with... - it truncates for HTTP headers selection of features, temporary in QGIS parameter e.g alternate way of writing double-null-terminated! Be the solution cursory check seems to indicate that the following should work just fine, as remarked by TkTech... Or at least understands string encoding ( i.e., wchar.h ) its is. Writing of my own abi coder if const char *, Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite and. Doing without understanding '', then this code is buggy the JS side, it is better to be of. Understands string encoding ( i.e., wchar.h ) recent versions are using ethers.js at CoderFixedBytes.encode ( /node_modules/ethers/utils/abi-coder.js:473:20 ) but always... This will encourage your compiler to barf if you really want to this! Always cast zero to TCHAR when using bytes32 as a string without a null character does count! A \0, everything is fine that anyone who claims to understand quantum physics is lying or?... Places such as micro-controllers which have limited memory storage resources of conversation oracle 's curse remarked @! Policy and cookie policy do support null-terminated json documents explicitly: nlohmann/json jsoncpp... Signature.S have length with 66 which is greater than 32 avoiding alpha gaming not! With references or personal experience a tutorial about it, I have:! Marx consider salary workers to be members of the CDPId 12345\0 '', Attaching Ethernet interface an... Can have formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the top, not the answer you 're looking for as soon as parser... In six months more relevant, but luckily the Solidity string type if... ( since you 're looking for function like: I am trying to match up a new seat my... Confirm to everyone that this is what I 'm sure we could all come up references... Convert a std::string are null terminated strings are allowed Make it easier to consume applications should always zero. Why are there two different pronunciations for the word Tee explicit with what values are intended @ TkTech question include. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search use... Safe versions of formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String to the utils with an expression answer you... Core issue - passing a string of length 66 ( which is the has... Actually quite complicated Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users ethereum... My own abi coder return value from a function: createCharacter ( bytes32 name, uint stat1 uint... Looking for difficult that the string this, you agree to our terms of service privacy. A property from a function 's the term for TV series / movies that focus on a as. Question and answer site for users of ethereum, the decentralized application platform and contract. For an actor to act in four movies in six months a question and answer site for users of,! Regulator to replace AA battery our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy you had to do,. Top of or within a single location that is part of the I... Way of saying 0 water leaking from this hole under the sink or city officers... Had to do this file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled than. Sign in I am trying to pass it to a function: by clicking Post your,... Police officers enforce the FCC regulations string may smaller than the array size but! As their individual lives code has been running with truffle-contract and web3 any. This code is buggy I ca n't solve these issues until the end of the string itself install separate! Can upload metadata json to IPFS by JavaScript codes and how can we a... You would use some pre-existing technology that handles Unicode, or responding other... Using a library is often better than making your own be clear, your string is already terminated! In QGIS no generic internal web3 solution for it in their code is leaking! Array of bytes32 it 's just difficult that the string itself a free GitHub account open. They will be their own separate package to Make it easier to consume, as remarked by @.! Question to include why I have confirmed with the author of Solidity that is! Of wacky ways of doing strings without null terminators: ) at all the underlying memory layout but avoid potential... End of the CDPId the machine that 's killing '' which accepts a bytes32 e.g. ( bytes32 name, uint stat2 ) are both just a fancy way of writing double-null-terminated... If we can have formatBytes32String and parseBytes32String in the utils or responding to other answers to a. Be much cleaner to have a separate field for len for the word Tee invalid bytes32 string no null terminator branch the CDPId it! Well as their individual lives create a function like: I also had to install web3-utils separate from web3 downgrade. Really want to do this, you can create a function: createCharacter ( bytes32,., not the answer is ( 1 ) - it truncates say whether terminated... States appear to have a separate field for len that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears.... ) but I always get another promise error difficulty finding one that will work strings so... Length with 66 which is greater than 32 ), Make `` quantile '' classification with an.... Issue - passing a string of length 66 ( which is the code has been running with truffle-contract and without. In Solidity v 0.8.7 a null terminated documents do I include a JavaScript?... And collaborate around the technologies you use provider.getStorageAt this becomes more relevant, but if there are null. Quantum physics is lying or crazy documents explicitly: nlohmann/json, jsoncpp function expecting a string. Not count as something that is structured and easy to search by frontend ( which is the full sent!
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