He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad. During this period, Hill began to work for himself for the first time. Ownership of the Iron Range mines will now pass to energy company Conoco-Phillips. Political contributions favored policies over party, and Hill was frequently frustrated when candidates failed to fulfill campaign promises. Hill was known to be blunt with occasional humour. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. In 1907 he made his son the owner of his business, yet his grit and determination led him to work daily, until just a week before he died. Part of Hill's success during the depression also was due to repeatedly cutting his employees' wages, although this was during a time of deflation when prices were falling generally. His condition deteriorated quickly in mid-May, but even with the help of many respected doctors he was beyond saving. On November 1, 1901, Hill, Morgan, and Harriman announced the formation of the Northern Securities Company, a holding company formed to control the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific, and the Burlington lines. With 1901 and the start of the new century, James Hill now had control of both the Great Northern Railway, and the Northern Pacific (which he had obtained with the help of his friend J. P. Morgan, when that railroad went bankrupt in the depression of the mid-1890s). The Union Pacific Railroad was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. James J. Hill. [18] Hill also wanted control of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad because of its Midwestern lines and access to Chicago. Meanwhile, nearly every other transcontinental railroad went bankrupt. June 13, 2019 3:59 PM. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder". In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. [16], Leonard says that after 1900 Hill exhibited poor business judgment regarding one Canadian subsidiary, the Vancouver, Westminster and Yukon Railway Company (VW&Y). It was only in the 1870s that the possibility of a railway system through the Red River Valley dawned on him. The Hills maintained close ties with Archbishop John Ireland, and Hill was a major contributor to the Saint Paul Seminary, Macalester College, Hamline University, the University of St. Thomas, Carleton College, and other educational, religious and charitable organizations. By 1889, Hill decided that his future lay in expanding into a transcontinental railroad. And he built the iron ore docks, which made it possible to ship ore to distant cities like Cleveland; Gary, Ind. The case was carried to the US Supreme Court, and Northern Securities was declared to be in restraint of trade in a 5-4 decision in March 1904. The last survivor turned out to be James J. Hills grandson, Louis Hill Jr., who died April 6, 1995. 651-297-2555 His particular talents for English and mathematics would be helpful in his career. He imported grains from Russia and sold this to farmers. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won quite a few. In 1889 John F. Stevens, the lead engineer of his company, found the Marias Pass, which was the lowest crossing region of the Rocky Mountain. He tactfully entered the coal business during the time of the Civil War in 1867, where he supplied coal instead of wood, which was undergoing heavy shortage. The move was politically unpopular and in clear violation of Minnesota statutes. Old St. Paul knows who he was, McCormack said of James J. Hill. In 1864 Hill met a waitress who was working at the Merchants Hotel in St. Paul, where he often ate. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. In 1870, he and his partners started the Red River Transportation Company, which offered steam boat transportation between St. Paul and Winnipeg. Concomitantly, the resulting trade in munitions with England and France carried the United States from a depression in 1914 to boom years in 1915 and 1916.[22]. They had ten children: He died in his home in St. Paul, Minnesota on May 29, 1916. James J. Hill's son and grandson, Louis Hill and Louis Hill Jr., photographed in 1917. At nine, he started receiving formal education.His father could not afford to pay his school fees, but a benevolent head master at the Rockwood Academy let him receive free education. To that end, Hill was a major figure in the effort launched by J.P. Morgan to float the Anglo-French Bond drive of 1915, which allowed the Allies to purchase much-needed foodstuffs and other supplies. As with his business dealings, Hill supervised the construction and design himself, hiring and firing several architects in the process. It was a notable victory for the young labor organizer Eugene Debs (and occurred a few years before the more famous Pullman strike in Chicago) and marked a significant change in workers' rights. This ended Hill's ability to maintain competitive rates in Asian countries and in the subsequent two years American trade with Japan and China dropped 40% (or $41 million). Although Great Northern and Northern Pacific were backed by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill, the Union Pacific was backed not only by its president, Edward H. Harriman, but by the extremely powerful William Rockefeller and Jacob Schiff. That is reflected in a 1946 summary from Louis Hill Sr., reprinted in the biography The Dutiful Son: Louis W. Hill.. All his success left Hill with an estimated net worth of $63 million and over $200 million in related assets upon his death on May 29, 1916. Surprisingly, at the end of arbitration Hill accepted most the workers demands. Hillsboro, North Dakota; Hill County, Montana; and Hillyard, Washington (now a neighborhood of Spokane) - are named for him. Together they not only bought the railroad, they also vastly expanded it by bargaining for trackage rights with Northern Pacific Railway. We invite you to use our commenting platform to engage in insightful conversations about issues in our community. Hill was born September 16, 1838, in Eramosa Township, Upper Canada (now Ontario) to James Hill Jr. and Ann Dunbar. hillhouse@mnhs.org But it collected a lot of royalties, more than $500 million over its long lifetime. Instead, its for his lesser-known role as an iron ore magnate. He also took strong measures to economizein just one year, Hill cut the railway's expense of carrying a ton of freight by 13%. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific tried to merge four times, in 1896, 1901, 1927, and 1955. The main room of the James J. Hill Center in downtown St. Paul on Tuesday, June 11, 2019. By 1860, he was working for wholesale grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats. Drawing on his experience in the development of Minnesota's Iron Range, Hill was, during 19111912, in close contact with Gaspard Farrer of Baring Brothers & Company of London regarding the formation of the Brazilian Iron Ore Company to tap that nation's rich mineral deposits. His discernment and flexibility at the time of grave financial losses were tremendous. The couple tied the knot in 1867, their marriage brought ten children into the world, of which one (Katherine) died in infancy. Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. He attended the Rockwood Academy for a short while, where the head gave him free tuition. James Jerome Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive and the greatest pioneer in the field of transcontinental railroads, was a visionary who transcended the dreams of a common man and went on to become The Empire Builder. It was his relentless hard work and business prowess that led to further railroad development in Northwest America. "What we want," Hill is quoted as saying, "is the best possible line, shortest distance, lowest grades, and least curvature we can build. ST. PAUL, May 29--James J. Hill, builder of the "Northwest Empire," died at 9:30 A.M. today at his house, 240 Summit Avenue. American railroad promoter and financier (18381916), The Northern Pacific and the "short squeeze" of 1901, The Hill Lines survive the trust-busting era, Claire Strom, "Among Friends: The Power of Ethnicity in the Great Northern Railway Corporation,", Don L. Hofsommer, "Ore Docks and Trains: The Great Northern Railway and the Mesabi Range,", Frank Leonard, "Railroading a Renegade: Great Northern Ousts John Hendry in Vancouver,", Webvideo:James J. Hill and the Building of the Stone Arch Bridge, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, James J. Hill and the Building of His Railroad Empire, Harry Elmer Barnes: The World War of 19141918, Great Northern Lofts - Condo and Loft Directory, "James Hill legacy a wealth of information", "James J. Hill; An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society", Northern Pacific Railway Corporate Records, Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, James J. Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, The Destruction of a Wealth and Jobs Creator by Parasitical-Elites, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J._Hill&oldid=1127524764, 19th-century American railroad executives, 20th-century American railroad executives, Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople, Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad people, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Businesspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mary Francis Hill Hill (18691947), who married, Clara Anne Hill Lindley (18731947), who married, Katherine Theresa Hill (18751876) (died in infancy), Charlotte Elizabeth Hill Slade (18771923), who married, Rachel Hill Boeckmann (18811967), who married. Samuel Hill was an executive at the Great Northern Railway when he married Mary Hill. In 1870 he partnered with a few acquaintances and began his own Red River Transportation Company, which offered steamboat freight shipping between St. Paul and Winnipeg. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 - May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. His first goal was to expand and upgrade even more. On 16 September 1838, James J. Hill was born to Anne Dunbar Hill and James Hill. He wrote that by 1946, that single mine had produced 40 million tons of iron ore and generated $37 million in freight revenue for the railroad and $22.5 million in royalties that flowed into the trust. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "short" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. (Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the Burlington Northern Railroad.) J. J. Hill Dead In St. Paul Home At The Age of 77. Morgan, acting on behalf of his friend, ordered his men to buy everything they could get their hands on. We do not care enough for Rocky Mountains scenery to spend a large sum of money developing it." After Louis Jr.s death, the 20-year clock began ticking for the Great Northern Iron Ore Properties trust, even as its stock continued to trade under the GNI symbol. Mary Hill Hill, who married Samuel Hill of Washington D.C. & Seattle. Hence, Hill left school in 1852, and began working at a grocery store to aid in supporting his family. In addition, he donated to numerous schools, including the Saint Paul Seminary. [27] The Hill library owns 75 shares. Connecting junctions almost all over North America, it is to his merit that trade and occupations saw a leap in U.S.A. Holding on to his vivid ambition, he climbed up to the helm of Americas transportation business from being the son of a hired peasant. Following their initial land purchases, Hill and his sons bought even more Iron Range land, raising the total to 67,000 acres. james j hill descendants todaycraftsman tool box lock rod james j hill descendants today. By the time of his death in 1916, James J. Hill was worth more than $53 million (equal to more than $1,319,813,456 today). James J. Hill is back in the news this month but not for his famous railroad. With the return of prosperity and the wave of trust-building and consolidation in the late 1890s, Hills problem became one of how to retain control of his vast railroad holdings. Northern Pacific stock was forced up to $1,000 per share. Juche, a Korean-influenced dinner spot, takes its place. It was Louis who acquired the land that became the Hill Annex Mine. For decades, much of Minnesota's Mesabi Range was. The James J. Hill House in St. Paul, is a National Historic Landmark.[24]. Las Cruces Police Department. He was eyed as a great competitor by the successful and dominant E.H Harriman, who owned Union Pacific Railway. The key to the Great Northern line was Hill's use of the previously unmapped Marias Pass first discovered by Santiago Jameson. He had nine years of formal schooling. Largest Database of New Mexico Mugshots. From 1937 to 1951, Mr. Hill served in the Minnesota House of Representatives. The train served as Great Northern's flagship train, and is still operated today by Amtrak. [8][9][10], Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the deep nationwide depression called the Panic of 1893. Brunfelt gave one example: The Hull-Rust-Mahoning (mine) complex provided 25 percent of the ore during World War II that the nation consumed and Hill owned a big part of it.. James J. Hill III is one of 10 children of James J. Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive who built the Great Northern Railway which connecte St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington. In 1890 the railroad became the Great Northern Railway Company, with Hill as president (1890-1907) and later chairman of the board (1907-1912). It is currently situated in front of More Hall, which is adjacent to the former on campus nuclear reactor building. He was general manager (1879-1882) and president (1883-1890) of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company. (Photo courtesy Minnesota Historical Society), A train carries iron ore at the U.S. Steel MinnTac mine in Mountain Iron, Minn., in 1981. That ore movement was absolutely critical. Paul and Pacific Railroad to the Great Northern Railway Company. What to expect; First visit; FAQ; Near the end of his life, Hill played what a recent biographer, Albro Martin, called his "last and greatest role." Louis Jr. was just 4 years old when the trust was created. Born in southern Ontario on September 16, 1838, to Irish immigrant parents, young Hill suffered a bow and arrow injury at age nine and lost sight in his right eye for the rest of his life. In 1958, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.[29]. During his lifetime, Hill referenced it a number of times, to show that he wasnt a robber baron, that he was a little altruistic, that he was doing it for the stockholders of the Great Northern Railway, McCormack said. What was initially considered Hills folly by many turned into his biggest success. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. After his fathers death, his mother found it difficult to provide for her children by the means of only running a small inn. He observed and learnt and came up with shrewd ideas. If the federal government believed that the railroads were making too much profit, they might see this as an opportunity to force lowering of the railway tariff rates. ; and Pittsburgh. A childhood accident with a bow and arrow blinded him in the right eye. New and used Descendants Dolls for sale in Las Cruces, New Mexico on Facebook Marketplace. He died on 29 May1916 and his body was buried at North Oaks Farm but on account of vandalism his coffin was moved to Resurrection Cemetery in St. Paul, where his grave was guarded. He was quick witted and had an animated way of speaking. A truce had to be called between the warring teams following which Hill and Morgan joined hands to stabilise the share market. Born In: Eramosa Township, Ontario, Upper Canada, Spouse/Ex-: Mary Theresa Mehegan (m. 1867), children: Charlotte Hill Slade, Clara Hill Lindley, Gertrude Hill Gavin, James N. Hill, Katherine, Louis W. Hill, Mary Hill Hill, Rachel Hill Boeckmann, Ruth Hill Beard, Walter Jerome Hill, See the events in life of James J. Hill in Chronological Order, (Canadian-American railroad executive, Businessman). Nancy, David and his brother Frank were notorous outlaws during the economic downturn be carried was james j hill descendants today by family. Give me Swedes, snuff and whiskey, and I'll build a railroad through hell. Hill was a hands-on, detail-obsessed manager. The Great Northern Iron Ore Properties trust finally terminated on April 6, 2015, a century after Hills death, and its shares stopped trading on the New York Stock Exchange. That, and his hard micromanaging practices, eventually led to a railway-wide strike and the workers' unionization under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs. [9], In 1898 Hill purchased control of large parts of the Mesabi Range iron mining district in Minnesota, along with its rail lines. His two sons had to talk him into being interested in it in the first place, said Eileen R. McCormack, a Hill family biographer and former curator of the Hill papers. Between 1856 and 1859 he prospered in a series of wood and coal merchandising partnerships. "Minnesota, Death Records, 1866-1916," index and database. Through this work, he learned all aspects of the freight and transportation business. Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time. The house has many early electrical and mechanical systems that predate widespread adoption in modern domestic structures. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. A New Mexico man is charged with killing and decapitating a 51-year-old man at a local park Sunday then kicking the severed head around, according to a report . He fell in love with a waitress, Mary Theresa Mehegan, at Merchants Hotel, where he often dined. Rachel Hill married physician Egil Boeckmann in 1913 at the Hill House at 240 Summit. In later years, he explained his economic philosophy in the book Highways of Progress and continued the campaign to convert the farmers of the Northwest to the principles of scientific agriculture, often testing breeds of cattle and strains of grain at his own farms. During this same period, Hill also entered into banking and quickly managed to become member of several major banks' boards of directors. on the lake,. His pains turned unbearable and his health deteriorated. [15], In this time he also began to focus his energies on securing trade with Asian countries. A bust of Hill is located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. In 1873, he entered the steamboat business and by 1879 he had a local monopoly by merging (with Norman Kittson). [6] He wanted people to settle along his rail lines, so he sold homesteads to immigrants while transporting them to their new homes using his rail lines. The Hill foundations that exist today, none of them have the Hill name on them, McCormack said. We reserve the right at all times to remove any information or materials that are unlawful, threatening, abusive, libelous, defamatory, obscene, vulgar, pornographic, profane, indecent or otherwise objectionable to us, and to disclose any information necessary to satisfy the law, regulation, or government request. Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the depression called the Panic of 1893. He was named a founder of the Trust at age 4. James Jerome Hill Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill Mary Frances (Mamie) James Norman (Jimmy) Louis Warren Clara Ann Richter thinks that James Hill's story is an important one not only because of his success, but also because of the odds his success was won against. The Union Pacific Railroad was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. The $400-million merger consolidated all major rail lines in the northwest quarter of the nation. He never really explained that the (railroads) major stockholders were the founding partners and their families so it really didnt cause them any harm financially., (But it did allow Hill in 1907 to testify, somewhat disingenuously, that he hadnt made the value of a postage stamp, directly or indirectly, out of the transaction. A truer account came in 1912, when Hill told a congressional committee that the land hed bought for $4 million would yield $750 million in iron ore.). As Hill started getting older, he suffered from several painful ailments. Early in 1901 he joined with J. P. Morgan to buy control of the Northern Pacific Railroad control contested by E. H. Harriman of the Union Pacific in an epic stock market battle in May 1901. After working as a clerk in Kentucky (during which he learned bookkeeping), Hill decided to permanently move to the United States and settled in St. Paul, Minnesota, at the age of 18. To promote settlement and revenue for his rail business, Hill experimented with agriculture and worked to hybridize Russian wheat for Dakota soil and weather conditions. Politically, Hill was a Bourbon Democrat. The reading room at the James J. Hill Center is seen from the second-floor balcony inside the nearly 100-year-old building on Thursday. The Hill family has shared some of that wealth with St. Paul and the region, through foundations that continue to this day. After 20 years working in the shipping business on the Mississippi and Red rivers, Hill and several other investors purchased the nearly bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1878. The center, which opened in 1921 . To sea as a clerk for a few years CA 1918-1922 1826 in Broadoak, Cornwall, ;. 291 Pins 5y J Collection by Jessie Cochran Rachel Hill J Hill Mary Frances Gilded Age House On A Hill Downstairs Historical Sites Matilda Minnesota He was the president and board chairman of the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest . Mary Hill was long active in St. Paul's Catholic community. On March 14, the Northern Securities Company was ordered to be dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act. As it turned out, Hill had personally bought the great Mahoning mine, the motherlode that would feed Americas steel age and play major roles during two World Wars. The winners of that truce were Hill and Morgan, who immediately formed the Northern Securities Company with the aim of tying together their three major rail lines (Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the Burlington Northern Railroad). In 1959, Hill High in St. Paul, Minnesota, was established as a school from the funds set aside from Hill's wife for education. Copyright Privacy Information Policy Ticketing Policy, James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest, Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. They lived at 366 Summit Avenue in a home that is still standing. Gertrude Hill Gavin (18831961), who married Michael Gavin of New York City. Paul. He may have considered himself fortunate to receive good education, but destiny spat misfortune his way, when his father passed away. He also bought out bankrupt businesses, built them up again, and then resold themoften gaining a substantial profit. They were married for 49 years and had 10 children. The men and women of the Las Cruces Fire Department strive to provide prevention, response and recovery services to residents, businesses, and visitors so they can experience a safe community and receive compassionate care in their time of need. Funding provided by the State of Minnesota, the Legacy Amendment through the vote of Minnesotans on Nov. 4, 2008, and our generous donors and members. He ousted its president John Hendry, thereby worsening the problems, prolonging the delays, and adding to the costs of taking over the VW&Y. Built them up again, and I 'll build a railroad through hell vastly expanded it by bargaining trackage! Often ate decades, much of Minnesota statutes tried to merge four times in... He observed and learnt and came up with shrewd ideas is currently situated in front of Hall! 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