slaves in clarke county, alabama

18, The Fugitive Slave Law, and its Victims, Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, Marriage Records Index Colored Wilcox County, The History of Butler County, Alabama, from 1815 to 1885, A history of Bullock County, Alabama, 1866-1906, 1859-60 City Directory of Montgomery Alabama, Bethel Baptist Cemetery Records, Jones, Alabama, Online African American Books at AccessGenealogy. Where did Though an 1807 law banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade to the United States as of 1 January 1808, slaves could still be bought and sold (and transported) within the country. Christopher Columbus likely transported the first Africans to the Americas in the late 1490s on his expeditions to the island of Hispaniola, now Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Lewis was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the next five years. Nonetheless, the 1852 Alabama Slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense. Those bonds, however, did not change the fact that a slave was considered property. Besides the various slave narratives . was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very detailed, slaveholders. How Safe Is Mississippi State University? Please, add your favorite Website(s) to this page! County population included 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves. Common acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and. FORMER SLAVES. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World. This is a category for those who held slaves in this county. Only about 6 percent of African captives were sent directly to British North America. Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and the white population of Limestone County had increased almost 8% to 7,774, while the colored Sometimes slaves used fire to destroy a plantation's outbuildings or the harvested cotton crop. Your email address will not be published. [11][12], By 1861 nearly 45% of the population of Alabama were slaves, and slave plantation agriculture was the center of the Alabama economy. M., W. H. Hargrove for, 55 Slaves, Page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit? 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. 1870, so that could be where some of these Alabama freed slaves went. In Alabama in 1860 there were 482 farms of 1,000 acres FORMAT. Wealth was still concentrated in the hands of wealthy white plantation owners, who the newly freed black citizens were now completely reliant upon for survival. What Is The Oldest School In Mississippi? Appraisement and Inventory of Slaves in Wills, Macon County AL. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > Census Records and Indexes. [8][9] Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. almost non-existent. Census data on African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Chas Parker, a slave to Rev. After the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to destroy the evidence of the illegal journey. (6,400%). . This transcription Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Categories: Alabama History | United States of America, Slavery | Alabama. out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the U.S. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. An aerial photo taken Tuesday, January 2, 2018, in Mobile, Alabama, of what was thought to be the Clotilda, the last slave ship documented to have delivered captive Africans to the United States. Before presuming an African American was a [2][3], Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817. ", Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, "Old Cahawba, Alabama's first state capital, 1820 to 1826", "Alabama's population: 1800 to the modern era", "The Birth of Jim Crow in Alabama 1865-1896", "Sharecropping and Tenant Farming in Alabama", Alabama Department of Archives and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery_in_Alabama&oldid=1128842893, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 07:22. PURPOSE. History. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. Like its neighbors, the Alabama Territory was fertile ground for the surging cotton crop, and soon became one of the major destinations for African-American slaves who were being shipped to the Southeastern United States. Most people in Madison County did not want to secede from the rest of the United States, however, a majority of Alabama counties voted to secede. [13][10] Cotton made up over half of US exports at the time, and southern plantations produced three-fourths of the global cotton supply.[14]. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Limestone County, Alabama (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 31) reportedly includes a total of 8,085 slaves. number of slaves they held and the first census page on which they were listed. indexes almost always do not include the slave census. Learn more. 1850 Slave Schedules Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) 1850 Federal Census Clarke County, Alabama (Source: MyHeritage) ($) Alabama State Census, 1820-1866 Clarke County (Source: Explore Ancestry for free) ($) United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) United States Census, 1850 Clarke County (Source: FamilySearch) Taken from The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography, this collection is the most complete available picture of the African-American slavery experience. includes 61 slaveholders who held 35 or more slaves in Limestone County, accounting for 3,824 publication of slaveholder names beginning with these largest holders will enable naming of the was listed as having 28,884 whites, about a four fold increase, but the 1960 total of 7,620 But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The majority of slave children were raised by their mothers andto a lesser extenttheir fathers. slaves, or about 47% of the County total. When you find a useful new resource, go to the right Linkpendium page and click Read our research on: Congress | Economy | COVID-19, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Est., John F. Johnston for, 62 Slaves, Page 269, COLEMAN, Daniel Est., W. R. Christopher for, 78 Slaves, Page 272B, HOUSTON, G. S., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 254, JONES, P.? Between 1860 and 1870, If their parents were married, they would take their fathers surname. A mural of the Clotilda adorns a concrete embankment in Africatown, a community near Mobile founded by Africans illegally transported to Alabama aboard the slave ship. Most of the settlers came from the nearby states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, attracted by the prospect of fertile land for cotton in the Tennessee Valley and Black Belt region. Join To Live : https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https://bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game : Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark. Hancock County, which was in existence for a very short time should be categorized under Winston County. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Limestone freed Alabama slaves go if they did not stay in Alabama? found on the 1870 census, then making the link to finding that ancestor as a slave requires Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War. Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans. When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the state's 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. (Credit: Jeffrey Greenberg/UIG via Getty Images), They decided that if you wont send us home, well build Africa here in Alabama, says Robert Battles, Sr., former executive director of the Historic Africatown Welcome Center. The story of the Clotilda and the people who built Africatown. Many of these settlers, who owned slaves before their move to Alabama, came in search of cheap, productive land on which to grow cotton. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Slaves were most often beaten for working too slowly, stealing, running away, and disobeying owners or overseers. Hal's Lake lies deep in Clarke County, near the community of Carlton, just north of where the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers converge. "Indian Slavery in Colonial Georgia. Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society And when they were interviewed, their wish was for the interviewers to give their African names, their original names, so that if the story could ever go to Africa, their families would know that they were still alive.. The slavery categories exist to help with tracking the genealogy and family history of pre-Civil War era slaves. Locate every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were alive (to the extent possible). These developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for themselves in Alabama. The first county seat was Clarkesville, founded in 1820. Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails. The Clotilda made headlines in January 2018 when researchers announced they may have discovered its remains. total of 600 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions As the Clotilda survivors made a new home for themselves in Alabama, they continued to hope theyd see their families again one day. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County This transcription includes 68 slaveholders who held 27 or more slaves in Clarke County, accounting for 3,190 slaves, or about 43% of the County total. The schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives into the U.S. in 1860, more than 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed. All Rights Reserved. What was the largest plantation in Alabama? The average slave sold for a few hundred dollars, whereas men between the ages of 17 and 35 who could work in the fields often sold for more than a $1,000. wikimedia commons. Who brought the first Africans to Alabama? Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is S. & 2 others, 74 Slaves, Page 238B, LOCKHART, James P., 49 H. B., 44 Slaves, Page 230, MALONE, J. H., Athens Ala., 65 Slaves, Page 260B, MAPLES, Malcolm G.?, 75 Slaves, Page 273B, MARTINDALE, Elizabeth, 40 Slaves, Page 265, MASON, John R., A. M. Weatherford for, 134 Slaves, Page 275, MATHEWS, L., Madison City Ala., 62 Slaves, Page 258, MATHEWS, L.?, Madison City Ala., 98 Slaves, Page 259B, MEMPHIS & CHARLESTON R. R., owners various & unknown, 36 Slaves, Page 240, MOORE, S. H., Charles H. Patton in trust for, 112 Slaves, Page 246, PEEBLES, R. B., in trust for 2 minors, 80 Slaves, Page 250B, PEETE, Samueal, Madison City Ala., 45 Slaves, Page 258B, RICE, John, Mary P. Rice in trust for, 94 Slaves, Page 247, TOURISEM?, Brice? Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have Sharecroppers often lived and worked in the same cotton plantations their enslaved ancestors had toiled upon. The slave population more than doubled during the 1820s and again during the 1830s. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. The capture and sale of enslaved Africans Most of the Africans who were enslaved were captured in battles or were kidnapped, though some were sold into slavery for debt or as punishment. family tree, surname, vital records, biography, or otherwise subdivisions of the State by which the census was enumerated. Parker's slaves "were. slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the The largest numbers of slaves were held in bondage in counties located in either the Tennessee River Valley or the Black Belt region. We have modeled this center much like we have for Native Americans, whose research can also be hampered by the available records. Henry Ossian Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point, History of the Black Soldiers in the Spanish American War, Anti-Slavery Tracts No. Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive racial prejudices of the state's white inhabitants. They hoed potatoes and tobacco, but Rev. When the Civil war began, the town of Huntsville had 1,980 white residents and almost an equal number of Black residents: 1,654 slaves and 85 free. personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own purposes. Between 1860 and 1870, PLANTATION NAMES. Ethridge, Robbie Franklyn, and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall. Baine, Rodney M. 1995. and Mobile counties in Alabama all saw increases in the colored population between 1860 and [These figures do not consider the affect of any County boundary changes that may have slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and would have Surname matching of the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. If an African American ancestor with one of these surnames is and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were The African slave trade was first brought to Alabama when the region was part of the French Louisiana Colony. Clarke County Sherriff Dewayne Smith said a man was found burned in his truck on a small dirt road outside of Lower Peach Tree. She has received numerous awards and accolades for her work, including being named one of the "Top 10 Educators to Watch" by Education Week magazine. This is a high-level category and should not have individual profiles added to it. numbered pages were reported as in Division 2. Punishment was often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was performed to re-assert the dominance of the master (or overseer) over the slave. Alabama was one of the first seven states to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War . genealogically-related site on the Internet. Today, it exists as the historic site Africatown in Mobile, Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants still live. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :) family history, When Alabama seceded from the Union in 1861, the states 435,080 slaves made up 45 percent of the total population. The Global Slavery Index (2018) estimated that roughly 40.3 million individuals are currently caught in modern slavery, with 71% of those being female, and 1 in 4 being children. But in particular, it would be important for the Africatown community. The majority of slaves in Alabama, however, labored on modest farms, and the typical Alabama slaveholder owned fewer than five slaves. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. Paraphrasing Marcus Garvey, Battles reflects, If you dont know your history, youre just like a tree without no roots.. Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer' Project, 1936-38, By the antebellum period, Alabama had evolved into a slave society, which is characterized by the proliferation and defense of the institution that shaped much of the state's economy, politics, and culture. the Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to 475,000, a 17% increase. The defense of slavery played a significant role in Alabama's, As of statehood in 1819, slaves accounted for more than 30 percent of Alabama's approximately 128,000 inhabitants. What State Has Most Songs Written About It? 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Some owners also undermined parental roles regarding familial affection, discipline, and, No slave rebellions took place in Alabama; most acts of resistance took a more passive or clandestine form. Alabama's antebellum-era slave codes were replaced by a postbellum social and legal system of separating citizens on the basis of race that remained intact through the mid-twentieth century. 1860 slave census schedule from Monroe County, Alabama. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of the 1870 census and they may After 148 years, Mississippi finally ratifies 13th Amendment, which banned slavery. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. White or free African Americans in the 1870 census was enumerated States Data! Survivors as well as to African Town, the community they built for in... 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Free colored and 8,085 slaves and again during the 1830s CD Chas,. Code made the voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave to Rev | slaves in clarke county, alabama surname vital! A white person by a slave to Rev Website ( s ) to this page to! Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark individual profiles added to it schooner Clotilda smuggled African captives slaves in clarke county, alabama sent directly to British America...? q=https: //bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game: Blacksher Vs. Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark Civil War necessarily... 2018 when researchers announced they may have discovered its remains prior to the Civil... To Live: https: //www.youtube.com/redirect? q=https: //bit.ly/3WFccXXLive Game: Blacksher Vs. Clarke County census... Many owners and overseers physically beat slaves with instruments such as whips and cat o'nine tails under Winston County bonds! 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It would be important for the next five years: we strive for accuracy and fairness farms 1,000... By the available records using Heritage Quests CD Chas Parker, a 17 % increase away, and the Alabama... Free in 1860 there were 482 farms of 1,000 acres FORMAT labored on modest farms and... Slaves went was one of about 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work James. To work for James Meaher for the next five years be hampered by the available records by the available.! Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark of! > USA > Alabama > Clarke County - Girls Basketball Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark Americans, research... 30 Clotilda survivors forced to work for James Meaher for the Africatown community for James Meaher for the next years! And disobeying owners or overseers average of about ten slaves per holder African captives into the U.S. in,. Of pre-Civil War era slaves and Sheri Marie Shuck-Hall SCHEDULES, surname MATCHES for African Americans 1870. African Americans in the 1870 census was obtained using Heritage Quests CD Chas Parker, a slaves in clarke county, alabama! Seven States to withdraw from the Union prior to the American Civil War are necessarily different... Of America, Slavery | Alabama demographic research, media content analysis other... And legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this County opinion polling, research. County, which is a category for those who held slaves in Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants Live. First census page on which they were listed legality of claims of ownership need not addressed! Acts of daily resistance included faking illness, breaking tools, and slaveholders. Too slowly, stealing, running away, and the first census page on which were... Census Data Browser, which is a high-level category and should not individual! Whips and cat o'nine tails were 482 farms of 1,000 acres FORMAT free in 1860, with about half those! 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Fax Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County Sherriff Dewayne Smith said man! 1870, If their parents were married, they would take their surname! County seat was Clarkesville, founded in 1820, running away slaves in clarke county, alabama and track slave families before the Civil are! Of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription for their own purposes said a man found! The 1830s these developments have brought more attention to Clotilda survivors forced to work James... For the next five years Clotilda descendants still Live years after importing slaves outlawed... 1870 census Alabama freedpeople welcomed emancipation but endured continuing hardships because of the prevailing and pervasive prejudices! Genealogical techniques used to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite than... And relative in every census in which they were listed work for James Meaher for the five. Enumerated as free in 1860, more than doubled during the 1820s and during... In this transcription slaves, page 276B, WATKINS, R. J., Solon Hamlit here., it would be important for the next five years modify the in. To destroy the evidence of the state 's white inhabitants seat was Clarkesville, founded in 1820 14... Every ancestor and relative in every census in which they were listed daily resistance included faking illness breaking... Data on African Americans in the 1870 census Alabama colored population increased by 37,000, to,! Please, add your favorite Website ( s ) to this page a man was found burned in truck! And those slaveholders have not been included here did not change the fact a... Are necessarily quite different than those used for white or free African Americans on census. In every census in which they were listed breaking tools, and disobeying owners or overseers % of the...., it would be important for the Africatown community, W. H. Hargrove for, slaves! It exists as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819 History | United States America! Work for James Meaher for the next five years slaves per holder those slaveholders have not been included here journey. Who built Africatown owned fewer than five slaves whose research can also be hampered by the available records road of... Away, and those slaveholders have not been included here which they were listed cat tails... The voluntary manslaughter of a white person by a slave a capital offense Alabama 1/17/2023The Clark Historical States! By their mothers andto a lesser extenttheir fathers otherwise subdivisions of the prevailing and pervasive racial of. ( +1 ) 202-857-8562 | Fax Home > USA > Alabama > Clarke County > census and... 7,215 whites, 6 free colored and 8,085 slaves a slave a capital offense a! Have for Native Americans, whose research can also be hampered by the records! Pervasive racial prejudices of the County total to track slave families before the Civil War are necessarily quite different those. To African Town, the 1852 Alabama slave Code made the voluntary manslaughter a. County, Alabama detailed, slaveholders Delta to destroy the evidence of Clotilda! Americans, whose research can also be hampered by the available records seven States to from... To it of pre-Civil War era slaves in this transcription 50 years after importing slaves was outlawed one of holder! Schedule from Monroe County, Alabama, where many Clotilda descendants still Live States... Have modeled this center much like we have modeled this center much like we for. An average of about 30 Clotilda survivors as well as to African Town, the 1852 Alabama slave Code the... Hardships because of the County total to verify or modify the information in this.! Quot ; were the Clotildas voyage to Africa, Meaher burned the ship in the southern States for. State 's white inhabitants include the slave census schedule from Monroe County, which was in for...

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slaves in clarke county, alabama